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Localization modalities for botulinum neurotoxin injection.
Botulinum toxin is a targeted therapeutic that acts primarily at the site of injection. Various approaches have been taken to guide injection into the selected muscle, gland, organ or other body area. Guidance methodologies that can be used…
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Management of Anterocapitis and Anterocollis: A Novel Ultrasound Guided Approach Combined with Electromyography for Botulinum Toxin Injection of Longus Colli and Longus Capitis.
Chemodenervation of cervical musculature using botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is established as the gold standard or treatment of choice for management of Cervical Dystonia (CD). The success of BoNT procedures is measured by improved symptomol…
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Reply to Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2018, 10, 18-Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections.
We thank the authors for their detailed letter and salient comments related to our article on Ultrasound Guidance for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections.[...].…
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Spasticity Video Challenge: A Look at Methods for Addressing Difficult Cases.
As seen in this CME online activity (available at http://courses.elseviercme.com/spasticity/662e), treatment of patients with spasticity due to upper motor neuron syndromes, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and cerebral palsy, is m…
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Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures.
Injections of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are prescribed by clinicians for a variety of disorders that cause over-activity of muscles; glands; pain and other structures. Accurately targeting the structure for injection is one of the princ…