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Onabotulinum Toxin A Is a Viable Intervention for Bladder Neck Obstruction in Women: A Prospective Pilot Study of Patient Reported Outcomes.
[INTRODUCTION] Primary bladder neck obstruction (BNO) occurs when the bladder neck fails to open during voiding. The cause of BNO is not fully understood but may be related to smooth muscle hypertrophy, increased collagen deposition, or sym…
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Patient Reported Outcomes Due to Bladder Neck Obstruction in Women Treated With Botulinum Toxin A Injection.
[INTRODUCTION] Primary bladder neck obstruction (BNO) occurs when the bladder neck fails to open during voiding, causing urinary symptoms despite no anatomic obstruction. The cause of BNO is unclear but may involve neurogenic dysregulation …