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Clinical Algorithm-Guided Approach to Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease.
[BACKGROUND] Axial postural abnormalities (APAs) are common, disabling complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) with unclear pathophysiology. The presence of hyperactivity in multiple trunk muscles supports the use of botulinum toxin (BTA)…
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Treatment of axial postural abnormalities in parkinsonism disorders: A systematic review of pharmacological, rehabilitative and surgical interventions.
Axial postural abnormalities (PA) are frequent, highly disabling, and drug-refractory motor complications affecting patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism. Over the past few years, advances have been reached across …
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Botulinum Toxin for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Axial postural abnormalities (APAs), characterized by their frequency, disabling nature, and resistance to pharmacological treatments, significantly impact Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonism patients. Despite advancements in diag…