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High-frequency Ultrasound Evaluation of Midline Crossing-over Vessel: Correlation with Perfusion of Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.
[BACKGROUND] The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is widely used in autologous breast reconstruction, with its success heavily reliant on the vascular anatomy, particularly midline crossing-over vessels that facilitate contra…
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Ultrasonographic Quantification of Blood Flow in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: Correlation with Indocyanine Green Angiography.
Although autologous breast reconstruction using the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is a standard procedure, flap perfusion-associated complications remain a concern. This study aimed to investigate the correlation be…
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Chronological Changes in Breast and Nipple Position After Autologous Reconstruction in an Asian Population.
The breast shape changes between reconstructed and native breasts in autologous reconstruction, which is important to achieve symmetry. This study was conducted to clarify chronological changes in the shape and nipple position of the recons…
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The evolution of perforator flaps and the future of microsurgery.
Perforator flaps have transformed reconstructive microsurgery by enabling tissue-specific reconstruction while preserving muscle, fascia, and nerves, minimizing donor site morbidity. Modern techniques-including superthin, ultrathin, and pur…
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3D Head-up Display Exoscope: An Ergonomic and Portable Alternative for Microsurgery.
The 3D head-up display (HUD) exoscope is a novel magnification system providing stereoscopic, high-definition visualization without conventional microscope eyepieces. It offers potential ergonomic and workflow advantages for microsurgeons. …
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Robot-Assisted Capsulectomy with Immediate Reimplantation in Breast Reconstruction.
Recent reports have introduced robotic breast surgery for immediate breast reconstruction with an implant. However, relevant reports of robot-assisted breast reconstruction including capsulectomy are limited. Although capsulectomy lowers ri…
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The Effect of 3-Dimensional-Printed Sequential Dual Drug-Releasing Patch on the Capsule Formation Around the Silicone Implant in a Rat Model.
[BACKGROUND] Implant-based breast reconstruction is associated with increased risk of early infection and late-stage capsular contracture. [OBJECTIVES] We evaluated the feasibility of a dual drug-releasing patch that enabled the controlled…
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A clinical application for arterial coupling and histomorphometric comparison of internal mammary and thoracodorsal arteries for safe use.
[BACKGROUND] In breast reconstruction, arterial coupling has been reported to be more favorable in the thoracodorsal artery (TDA) than the internal mammary artery (IMA). This technique may help overcome anastomosis in a small, deep space. U…
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The Volumetric Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection on the Parotid Gland: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) to the masseter muscle is a useful tool for the aesthetic narrowing of the width of the lower face. The administration of BTX-A to visible parotid glands is also effective to reduce lower fac…
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The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Controlled Trial.
[BACKGROUND] Many individuals hold an interest in aesthetic appeal, with one aspect of physical attractiveness being the alluring contour of the lower leg. Utilizing botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections offers several advantages, including …
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Loss to follow-up after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction.
Loss to follow-up is inevitable in retrospective cohort studies, and patients are lost to follow-up after direct-to-implant reconstruction despite annual follow-up recommendation. We analyzed more than 500 patients to analyze the rate of lo…
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Outcomes of smooth round implant-based immediate breast reconstruction: Long-term follow-up results.
The issue of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma in 2019 has resulted in the discontinuation of textured breast implants and resumption in the use of smooth round implants. However, in the field of breast reconstruction…
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A Comparative Study of Wraparound versus Anterior Coverage Placement of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Prepectoral direct-to-implant insertion (DTI) with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is the currently preferred operation for breast reconstruction. There are different placements of ADM, which are largely classified as wraparound …
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Difference in the Occurrence of Capsular Contracture According to Tissue Characteristics in an Irradiated Rat Model.
[BACKGROUND] This study was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that capsule formation varies according to the radiation dose in muscle tissues; chest wall tissues, including the ribs; and acellular dermal matrices (ADM) that are in contac…
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A comparison of clinical outcomes of acellular dermal matrix with and without radiation sterilization process in immediate prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Although there are many acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products, the sterilization process varies for each product. We compared the clinical outcomes of immediate prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction with an…
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Analysis of Perfusion in the DIEP Flap: Role of the Location of the Perforator, Umbilicus, and Midline Crossing-Over Vessel.
[BACKGROUND] During breast reconstruction, predicting contralateral perfusion of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap can help minimize tissue necrosis. This study aimed to quantify the area of contralateral perfusion and ide…
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Comparative Study of DIEP and PAP Flaps in Breast Reconstruction: Reconstructive Outcomes and Fat Necrosis.
[BACKGROUND] This study compared the reconstructive outcomes and fat necrosis of the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap with those of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. [METHODS] Data on all DIEP and PAP flap breast …
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Safety of Augmenting Breast Volume in Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction With Contralateral Breast Augmentation: Comparison With 2-Stage Reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Direct-to-implant breast reconstruction is a standard method of implant-based reconstruction; however, the risk of skin necrosis and implant failure exists. During simultaneous contralateral augmentation, an implant larger than…
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Breast Cancer Recurrence after Smooth versus Textured Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Matched Cohort Study.
[BACKGROUND] An increasing number of reports on breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma have recently raised concerns about the potential influence of breast implants on carcinogenicity, particularly implants with a texture…
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The PAP Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Practical Option for Slim Patients.
[BACKGROUND] The posterior thigh-based profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has been an emerging option as a secondary choice in breast reconstructions. However, whether a PAP flap could consistently serve as the secondary option in slim …
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Outcome Analysis Depending on the Different Types of Incision following Immediate Breast Reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Immediate breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is widely used for its cosmetic benefits. Due to the lack of guidelines, the types of incisions in NSM vary and which method is superior remains a debate…
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Revision Rates of Left and Right Breast Reconstruction Differ With DIEP Flaps: Implications for Inexperienced Surgeons.
[BACKGROUND] The internal mammary system provides the recipient vessel of choice in free autologous tissue breast reconstruction. However, left internal mammary veins (IMVs) are smaller than right IMVs, thus raising questions about their re…
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The Influence of Flow Velocity in the Feeding Vessel on Flap Perfusion in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap.
[BACKGROUND] Contralateral perfusion of zones II and IV is critical to estimate the amount of fat necrosis and determine intraoperative flap sacrifice during autologous breast reconstruction. We aimed to determine whether perfusion of the …
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Intramuscular Deep Inferior Epigastric Vessels Are Insulated by Perimysial Fibroadipose Tissue Network.
[BACKGROUND] The difficulty of elevating a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap largely depends on the intramuscular course of the vessel and the perforator. Previous studies, however, have lacked histologic descriptions of the …
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Immediate breast reconstruction after salvage mastectomy: Case control outcome comparisons of DIEP flap and DTI reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Cancer recurrence after breast-conserving therapy is most often managed by salvage mastectomy. Successful breast reconstruction immediately after salvage mastectomy, however, remains challenging because the reconstruction is pe…
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Objective photographic assessments and comparisons of immediate bilateral breast reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps and implants.
[BACKGROUND] The increasing number of bilateral breast cancer patients has been accompanied by a growing need for bilateral mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. However, little research has investigated the complications and aesthetic …
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Partial second-toe pulp free flap for fingertip reconstruction: Experience and surgical tips to minimize complications.
[BACKGROUND] Traumatic fingertip injury is a common hand injury and various methods are available to address them. The partial second-toe pulp (PSTP) free flap is useful because of the similarity in shape, texture, and sensation to the fing…
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Effects of hydrochlorothiazide on drainage volume and seroma formation in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: Randomized controlled trial.
[BACKGROUND] Seroma is a recognized complication encountered at the reconstructed breast and donor site after abdominal-based breast reconstruction. Seroma is caused by lymphatic channel disruption and the formation of a large space between…
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Estimation of Contralateral Perfusion in the DIEP Flap by Scoring the Midline-Crossing Vessels in Computed Tomographic Angiography.
[BACKGROUND] In deep inferior epigastric perforator flap surgery, the amount of perfusion achievable in the contralateral side over a midline is unclear. Predicting contralateral perfusion preoperatively using computed tomographic angiograp…
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Best New Flaps and Tips for Success in Microsurgery.
[LEARNING OBJECTIVES] After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the trends in reconstruction using flaps. 2. Understand the surgical anatomy and elevation of the three best flaps: superficial circumflex …