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Improved vocal quality and decreased vocal effort after botulinum toxin treatment for laryngeal dystonia.
[OBJECTIVES] Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is characterized by irregular and involuntary task-specific spasms of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. There is no curative treatment for it, however, laryngeal botulinum neurotoxin injections (BoNT-I) a…
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Restoration of the digital tendon sheath. A new concept of tendon grafting.
The repair of flexor tendons which have been divided within the digital sheath remains an unsolved problem. Adhesions occur at would sites and points of tendon trauma. It is well known that an intact digital canal prevents formation of adhe…