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The ABC of BBA: A Personal Perspective of a 10 Point Plan.
The aim of bilateral breast augmentation (BBA) is not just to enlarge the breast, but to create an aesthetically pleasing enlarged breast. This is an elective surgical procedure, often performed on young healthy women-yet the incidence of r…
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A New Pedicle for Patients with Macromastia and Grade III Ptosis Undergoing Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.
[INTRODUCTION] The incidence of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis is high in patients with macromastia and grade III ptosis having a nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The pedicle selected is based on empirical cadaver studies. However, r…
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Prepectoral Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Without ADM Using a Subfascial Approach.
[BACKGROUND] Immediate prosthetic reconstruction has evolved to a prepectoral position. A technique is described where the pectoral and serratus fascia is raised from superiorly. Initially, Vicryl mesh was used to close the superior fascial…
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The Role of the Inframammary Fold (IMF) in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Critical Analysis and Surgical Solution.
[INTRODUCTION] The inframammary fold (IMF) is a critical structure in breast aesthetics and is affected by various types of breast surgery. The ideal IMF has a semi-elliptical shape, which may become attenuated with age and descends in macr…
- Ten More Tips for Plastic Surgeons Performing Cosmetic Surgery.
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The Use of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Flap for Functional Lip Reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Total or near-total lip defects poses a serious challenge to a reconstructive surgeon with static procedures not providing desired functional and aesthetic outcomes. The dynamic lip reconstructive methods using functional muscl…
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Dealing with the Displaced Nipple-Areola Complex in Macromastia Using a Superomedial Pedicle and Inverted T Pattern.
[UNLABELLED] In macromastia, especially in patients with a raised BMI, the nipple areola complex (NAC) may be displaced from the breast midline/meridian. This is poorly documented, and there is little published on surgical management. The a…
- Letter to the Editor: D-SUN method to prevent double-bubble deformity in broad base breasts with high-rising inframammary fold.
- A Novel Classification of the Inframammary Fold for Use in Primary Breast Augmentation.
- Medical aids and breast reduction: an oxymoron.
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The Value of Tumescent Infiltration in Bilateral Breast Reduction: Optimizing Vasoconstriction.
[UNLABELLED] Surgical adjuncts should improve surgical outcomes but should not increase complications. Epinephrine reduces bleeding in breast reduction, but various doses and volumes have been used. The ideal dose of epinephrine is still de…
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Anthropometric Changes in a Prospective Study of 100 Patients Requesting Breast Reduction.
[BACKGROUND] The anthropomometry of the "ideal" breast is well described, but changes that occur with enlarged breasts are not. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nipple asymmetry in the horizontal plane and changes in th…
- Quilting Sutures in Open Rhinoplasty.
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Breast Reduction: Decreasing Complications and Improving Long-Term Aesthetic Results with Parenchymal Sutures.
[BACKGROUND] The inverted T/keyhole pattern is commonly used for large breast reductions. This technique relies on the breast skin to retain the shape. With the passage of time "fallout" (pseudoptosis) occurs impairing the cosmetic result. …
- The International Aesthetic Conference: What to Expect.
- Ten principles for plastic surgeons beginning their careers in cosmetic surgery.
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The scope of plastic surgery.
[OBJECTIVE] To ascertain junior doctors' awareness of the scope of public-sector plastic surgery practice. [METHOD] A 12-part questionnaire asked the respondents to name, from a list, the specialty they felt was best equipped to manage pat…
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Autologous dermal graft in breast reconstruction.
[INTRODUCTION] The role of allogenic dermis is well established in reconstructive breast surgery, where it acts as a hammock between the detached inferior border of pectoralis major and the inframammary fold. [METHOD] The study reports on …
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An analysis of unsolved problems of face-lift procedures.
The face-lift/rhytidectomy, considered a premier surgical procedure in the specialty, is designed to reverse the effects of aging on the face. Yet our understanding of aging is incomplete, for example, only recently has it been recognized t…
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A formula determining resection weights for reduction mammaplasty.
[BACKGROUND] Reduction mammaplasty is a frequently performed plastic surgical procedure, yet preoperative assessment usually excludes an estimated resection weight. In this retrospective study, a formula was derived using regression analysi…
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Another look at breast projection after breast reduction.
A controversy exists between vertical mammoplasty and the "traditional" keyhole\inferior pedicle method of breast reduction. This article examines factors affecting breast projection by considering the difference in concept between vertical…
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A modified excision for combined reduction mammoplasty and breast conservation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Wide local excision combined with postoperative radiotherapy is a useful technique for patients with breast cancer. For patients with macromastia whose tumor is situated in the lower pole of the breast, a breast reduction (keyhole\inverted …
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Factors determining shape and symmetry in immediate breast reconstruction.
Although a number of studies compare different techniques of breast reconstruction there seems to be a paucity of information documenting the factors that affect breast shape and symmetry after immediate reconstruction. A photographic analy…
- More caveats for plastic surgeons.
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Submuscle saline breast augmentation: are we making sense in the new millenium?
Historically, it appears that the problems of capsule contracture, the alleged risk of human adjuvant disease, and the problems due to migration of smooth walled breast prosthesis have had a major impact on the techniques used in breast aug…
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Complete one-stage, immediate breast reconstruction with prosthetic material in patients with large or ptotic breasts.
Immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction is a relatively simple, quick procedure with no donor site morbidity. This report discusses immediate one-stage breast reconstruction using prostheses in 18 patients (19 breasts) who also required …
- Aphorisms for plastic surgeons.
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Short-scar breast reduction: why all the fuss?
The breast can be considered conceptually as a cone. This article compares and contrasts short-scar breast reduction techniques with inverted T techniques using the cone model. Four issues are examined-the base of the breast, breast project…
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One-stage immediate breast and nipple-areolar reconstruction with autologous tissue I: a preliminary report.
This preliminary report discusses 7 patients with early breast cancer (mean age, 48 years) who underwent one-stage breast reconstruction. Reconstruction was achieved using a deepithelialized transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRA…
- A paradigm shift for plastic surgeons: no longer focusing on excising skin excess.