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High-dose circumferential chemodenervation of the internal anal sphincter: A new treatment modality for uncomplicated chronic anal fissure: A retrospective cohort study (with video).
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin injection into the internal anal sphincter is gaining popularity as a second line therapy for chronic anal fissures if medical therapy fails. The dosage of botulinum toxin reported ranged from 20 to 50 IU with n…
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Management of complicated chronic anal fissures with high-dose circumferential chemodenervation (HDCC) of the internal anal sphincter.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin injection into the internal anal sphincter (IAS) is gaining popularity as a second line therapy for chronic anal fissures after patients fail medical therapy. The dosage of Botulinum toxin reported in the litera…