Munro IR

This article classifies and describes the anterior transfacial approaches to the cranial base as determined by the anatomic location of the lesions. With the use of craniofacial techniques, many of these lesions now may be resected without …

The coronal scalp incision often leaves a noticeable scar causing the hair to part away from it, especially when wet. Changing the straight-line to a zigzag incision, called the stealth incision, eliminates this obvious deformity.…

Scalp avulsion is a rare injury that has significant physical and psychological consequences. It may require emergency replantation or late, challenging surgical reconstruction, or both. The authors describe two patients who had scalp avuls…

Twenty-three children with Down's syndrome, aged between 3.7 and 17.5 years, underwent partial glossectomy for improvement of cosmetic appearance. Improved speech was also expected. Preoperative and postoperative audiotaped samples of spoke…

The term "craniofacial microsomia" indicates that many patients with hemifacial microsomia have orbital and cranial dysplasia. Skeletal dysplasia, displacement, or absence is the prime cause of facial asymmetry, flatness, and occlusal tilt.…

Miniplates were used in craniomaxillofacial surgery for fixation in the skull, maxilla, and/or mandible in 74 patients with minimal or no intermaxillary wiring. Procedures included forehead and orbital repositioning, frontofacial advancemen…

In Down's syndrome patients, surgical correction of the palpebral fissure obliquity through an external approach may produce a red, slightly hypertrophic scar. A transconjunctival approach for this repair was used for 15 Down's syndrome pat…

Five hundred and forty-two patients undergoing 579 craniofacial surgical procedures were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, during the 13-year period of 1972 to 1984. Ninety-eight of these patien…

Eight males and 12 females (mean age, 12.2 years) with Treacher Collins syndrome were studied longitudinally before and after craniofacial reconstruction. The patients and the parents of the 16 patients who were children were interviewed by…

Patients' pre- and postoperative self-reports were compared with reports of non-medical observers to investigate whether improved self-esteem is a direct result of increased social acceptance in maxillo- and craniofacial patients. Twenty-tw…

Twenty-four children with Down syndrome were evaluated to investigate whether appearance, family functioning and intellectual functioning improved after facial reconstruction. Pre- and postoperatively, families were interviewed by a psychos…

Twenty-five children with Apert's syndrome, characterised by craniosynostosis and symmetrical syndactyly of hands and feet, were seen by a psychosocial team. The patients ranged in age from 1 month to 15 years. All had undergone synostosis …

Thirty-six pediatric patients (age range, 6 to 18 years; mean, 15 years) undergoing mandibular and/or maxillary osteotomies were examined in a randomized double-blind study to determine objectively whether steroids are therapeutic in such o…

On the basis of 37 surgically treated patients with hemifacial microsomia, an anatomical-surgical classification was developed which divides these patients into five categories to facilitate surgical planning and help standardize treatment.…

This paper presents a technique whereby the canthal ligament can be identified through the periosteum without creating an external incision. Prior to releasing the tendon from the bones, the assistant will stretch the lateral canthal ligame…

Craniofacial dysplasia is a term covering all types of skeletal anomalies. Craniofacial surgery has made possible the movement of any bone of the face or skull to correct such deformities. Such surgery is a new and separate subspecialty and…

The first case of congenital orbital hypertelorism presented demonstrates that complex investigations, careful planning, and extensive experience combined with meticulous attention to detail can turn a severe congenital deformity into norma…

Fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia is a progressive disease whose growth does not cease at puberty. It causes frontal protuberance, orbital dystopia, and proptosis. Occasionally, there is a neural entrapment. Malignant change may occur sponta…

A small group of patients is seen because of massive benign facial tumors, which include both soft tissue and bone overgrowth. These people cannot live a normal life because of their facial deformities. Four patients have been chosen to des…

Eleven patients with Binder's syndrome (nasomaxillary hypoplasia) have been treated by the Toronto Craniofacial Team from 1972 to 1977. The treatment has consisted of onlay bone and cartilage grafts to the nose and perialar region for young…

Between 1971 and 1977, 40 patients with orbital hypertelorism were operated on by the craniofacial team in Toronto. Results have improved as a result of this experience. Tomography in two planes has revealed four types of medial orbital wal…

We report the experiences in 6 major craniofacial centers, with similar teams but in different parts of the world, in a total of 793 craniofacial operations. The mortality rate was 1.6%. Complications developed in 16.5% of the cases (includ…

We present our rationale for attempting to cover some exposed cranial implants by tissue transfers. We have tried this in 9 patients, and we have had success in 5.…

Orbitocraniofacial surgery offers great possibilities to some grossly deformed patients. It is unlike any other aspect of plastic surgery, meriting the creation of a new full-time specialty. The development of a few regional clinical basic …

A craniofacial team has been developed to corrdinate the treatment of patients with severe facial deformity and to minimize the surgical risks. Two hundred patients have been evaluated in the last 4 years and more than 100 treated by this t…