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Preventing venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex: an anatomical guide to preserving essential venous drainage networks.
[BACKGROUND] Venous congestion leading to partial or total nipple necrosis is a relatively uncommon complication of breast reduction and mastopexy procedures but still occurs, particularly in larger reduction procedures. This is largely pre…
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Preserving the neurovascular supply in the Hall-Findlay superomedial pedicle breast reduction: an anatomical study.
[BACKGROUND] The Hall-Findlay superomedial pedicle technique is widely used for breast reduction, and, despite low complication rates, nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis and denervation are still the two most common complications, particu…