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Improving the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin for Cervical Dystonia: A Scoping Review.
Cervical dstonia (CD) is a chronic disorder with a significant detrimental impact on quality of life, requiring long-term treatment. Intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) every 12 to 16 weeks have become the first-line opt…
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Dysphagia in multiple system atrophy consensus statement on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of autonomic failure plus cerebellar syndrome and/or parkinsonism. Dysphagia is a frequent and disabling symptom in MSA and its occurrence within 5…