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Persistent myogenic temporomandibular disorders: Are navigation-guided botulinum toxin-A injections into the lateral pterygoid muscles effective?
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin has proven effective in treating persistent myogenous temporomandibular disorders (M-TMDs) unresponsive to conservative therapies. While the usual injection sites are the masseter and temporalis muscles, the dee…
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MR-guided navigation for botulinum toxin injection in the lateral pterygoid muscle. First results in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders.
[INTRODUCTION] Hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is one of the presumed mechanisms of the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and explains why intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BT) may be indicated for tre…