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Bilateral treatment of the masseter with botulinum toxin: Consequences for mastication, muscle force and the mandibular condyle.
[BACKGROUND] Clinical use of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) in masticatory muscles is usually bilateral, but most studies on the functional consequences of BoNT treatment have used unilaterally treated animals. [OBJECTIVES] To test the hypo…
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Repeated botulinum treatment of rabbit masseter causes cumulative tissue damage.
[OBJECTIVE] Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are used in masticatory muscles for pain relief, unloading of the mandible, and cosmetic facial contouring. Treatment is often repeated every few months as function returns. This study assessed masti…
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Botulinum toxin in the masseter muscle: Lingering effects of denervation.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are paralytic agents used to treat a variety of conditions in jaw muscles. Although their effect is considered temporary, there are reports of persistent functional changes. Using rabbits that received BoNT inj…
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Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin.
[INTRODUCTION] Temporary paralysis of the masseter muscle caused by botulinum toxin is a common treatment for temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, and muscle hypertrophy. Loss of masseter force is associated with decreased mandibular miner…