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Pain Management Strategies for Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in Children: A Comprehensive National Survey and Procedural Protocol.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin type A injections are a first-line treatment for spasticity in children. Our purpose is to delineate the national landscape concerning pain management for botulinum toxin type A injections in pediatric patient…
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Avoiding Complications on the Upper Face Treatment With Botulinum Toxin: A Practical Guide.
[BACKGROUND] Currently, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are the most commonly performed non-invasive procedure for rejuvenation on the upper face. The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin has generally been safe and well tolerated. Adverse …
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Multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts combine to minimize skin hypertrophic scarring.
[BACKGROUND] Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed to improve wound healing. However, as these cells only transiently survive in the implantation site, the mechanisms underlying this beneficial healing response a…
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Role of the "other Babinski sign" in hyperkinetic facial disorders.
[BACKGROUND] The "other Babinski sign" consists in the co-contraction of the orbicularis and frontalis muscles, causing an eyebrow elevation during ipsilateral eye closure. It cannot be voluntarily reproduced. [AIMS OF THE STUDY] To determ…