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The effects of botulinum toxin A and papaverine on human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts: an study.
[INTRODUCTION] Autologous saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA) are used as bypass conduits during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Vasospasm of the arterial and venous grafts may constitute a significant clinical probl…
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Relaxation matters: comparison of in-vitro vasodilatory role of botulinum toxin-A and papaverine in human radial artery grafts.
[BACKGROUND] Radial artery (RA) is widely used in coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery and the prevention of spasm is crucial for graft patency. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and B are commonly used for aesthetic reasons and neuromuscular diso…