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Hypercontractile Esophagus From Pathophysiology to Management: Proceedings of the Pisa Symposium.
Hypercontractile esophagus (HE) is a heterogeneous major motility disorder diagnosed when ≥20% hypercontractile peristaltic sequences (distal contractile integral >8,000 mm Hg*s*cm) are present within the context of normal lower esophageal …
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Chicago Classification Update (v4.0): Technical review on diagnostic criteria for distal esophageal spasm.
Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is defined as a manometric pattern of at least 20% of premature contractions in a context of normal esophago-gastric junction relaxation in a patient with dysphagia or non-cardiac chest pain. The definition of …
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Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal motility disorders - part 1: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.
ESGE recommends the use of a graded pneumatic dilation protocol in achalasia, starting with a 30-mm dilation and followed by a 35-mm dilation at a planned interval of 2 - 4 weeks, with a subsequent 40-mm dilation when there is insufficient …
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Focal achalasia - case report and review of the literature.
Esophageal achalasia is a primary smooth muscle motility disorder specified by aperistalsis of the tubular esophagus in combination with a poorly relaxing and occasionally hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES). These changes occur s…