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A large outbreak in Argentina of type D botulism in vaccinated cattle associated with phosphorus deficiency and osteophagy.
Bovine botulism is a lethal disease caused by neurotoxins (BoNT). In cattle, the most frequent form of this disease in several South American countries and elsewhere is caused by BoNT type D, which has been associated with phosphorus defic…
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Multi-state equine botulism outbreak in the United States linked to contaminated feed: an epidemiologic, clinicopathologic, and regulatory investigation.
A multi-state outbreak of equine botulism occurred between December 2022 and March 2023 in the United States. Follow-up and testing were performed on 42 horses, including 24 that died or were euthanized in the outbreak that affected ~98 hor…
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Mortality of Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) Associated with Botulism Type a in Coastal Southern California, USA.
A mortality event involving at least 14 Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) was observed on 10 October 2019 on Huntington State Beach, Orange County, California, US. Clinical signs of affected gulls included generalized weakness and difficul…