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OnabotulinumtoxinA injection in the treatment of chronic migraine.
The earliest descriptions of botulism were in the early 19th century, and was reported by the German physician Justinus Kerner. The term "botulism" was derived from the Latin word botulus, indicating its original association with sausages. …
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The Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype a Heavy Chain on the Growth Related Proteins and Neurite Outgrowth after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
(1) Background: The botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) heavy chain (HC) can stimulate the growth of primary motor neurites. (2) Methods: A recombinant BoNT/A HC was injected locally plus interval intrathecal catheter of BoNT/A HC to rats with ipsil…
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Oncoplastic Surgery for Upper/Upper Inner Quadrant Breast Cancer.
Tumors located in the upper/upper inner quadrant of the breast warrant more attention. A small lesion relative to the size of breast in this location may be resolved by performing a level I oncoplastic technique. However, a wide excision ma…