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Increased muscle fiber size and pathology with botulinum toxin treatment of upper extremity muscles in cerebral palsy.
Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX) are regularly used to treat skeletal muscle spasticity and relieve pain during rehabilitation therapy. However, while numerous preclinical studies have shown dramatic atrophic changes in m…
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Recovery of rat muscle size but not function more than 1 year after a single botulinum toxin injection.
[INTRODUCTION] Neurotoxin injection is used to treat a wide variety of neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to measure the functional and structural properties of botulinum toxin-injected adult rat skeletal muscle over nea…
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Dramatic changes in muscle contractile and structural properties after 2 botulinum toxin injections.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin is frequently administered serially to maintain therapeutic muscle paralysis, but the effect of repeated doses on muscle function are largely unknown. This study characterized the muscle response to 2 onabotul…
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Chronic Degeneration Leads to Poor Healing of Repaired Massive Rotator Cuff Tears in Rats.
[BACKGROUND] Chronic rotator cuff tears present a clinical challenge, often with poor outcomes after surgical repair. Degenerative changes to the muscle, tendon, and bone are thought to hinder healing after surgical repair; additionally, th…