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A case presenting with a major depressive episode with palilalia and difficulty opening eyes as prodromal symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy.
[BACKGROUND] Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease and patients with PSP frequently experience depression. However, there have been few reports of patients with major depressive disorder as an antecedent diagno…
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Suppression of neuropeptide by botulinum toxin improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis via the regulation of neuroimmune system.
[BACKGROUND] Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease arises from a complex interaction of genetics, immune system, and environmental aspects. IL-23/Th17 immune axis has been considered as a primary modulator in psoriasis. In addition, several…
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Inhibition of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis by botulinum toxin B via the suppression of oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We previously identified that botulinum toxin (BTX) injection suppresses pressure ulcer formation in a cutaneous …
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Botulinum toxin B suppresses the pressure ulcer formation in cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model: Possible regulation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
[BACKGROUND] We previously identified that botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) suppressed pressure ulcer (PU) formation after cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, regulation of cutaneous I/R-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulu…