표재성근건막계 SMAS

Superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) has represented a confusing anatomical structure because descriptions of it in classical treatises of anatomy are contradictory. Also, utilization of this system in facial rejuvenation also does …

The scared look caused by the overcorrection of the frontal area and mobilization of the lateral canthus of the eye and mouth are frequent complications or failures in rhytidectomy. These complications are usually related to poor surgical p…

Superomedial repositioning of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) in the upper lip is accomplished by means of intraoral incisions. The procedure reestablishes the convexity of the lateral vermilion border, elevates the upper l…

A study of 10 patients who underwent a unilateral dissection of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is discussed. According to the different postoperative results, the patients were grouped into three classes, with either major…

The effects of cigarette smoking on the skin flaps of the face lift procedure are discussed. Reported elsewhere is a significant incidence of skin slough in smokers with use of wide undermining techniques. This complication is thought to be…

A modification of the standard superficial musculoaponeurotic system incision is described which results in a more direct lifting and flattening of the nasolabial fold during a face and neck lift. The technique has been applied in 43 patien…

In face lifts, we utilize the excess superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) tissue when dissection and traction are carried out. In 73 consecutive cases, the use of the zygomatic rolled flap and the retroauricular flap resulted in imp…

We reported in 1980 the course of the great auricular nerve from the perspective of the surgeon performing rhytidectomy using the platysma flap operation. Since the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) operation has become increasin…

Resection of the parotid area for tumor results in several deformities. In addition to the neck scar, there is a retromandibular and cheek depression. By using a rhytidectomy incision and advancement of the superficial musculoaponeurotic fa…

Classical anatomists were mistaken in their description of the parotid and masseteric regions. According to their description, the fascia superficialis (or SMAS) would be in continuity with the platysma. Data from fresh cadaver dissections,…

A retrospective study of 512 rhytidectomy surgeries performed by one of us (F.M.K.) showed that the sequential technique and two-stage concept was used in most cases, with improvement in results noted when platysmal-superficial musculoapone…

A prospective clinical study using standardized measurements for dissection was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an extended superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) procedure in correcting platysma bands. Favorable results …

This article reviews the author's series of 750 rhytidectomies done over an eight-year period, beginning with the earlier pure Skoog technique with no subcutaneous undermining and evolving into the present technique with widespread undermin…

We describe nonabsorbable sutures running from one or more sites in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), to other sites at a distance, or to fixed sites beyond or deep to SMAS for the purpose of pulling on or suspending the dis…

A personal method for the treatment of the suprazygomatic SMAS and its results are presented. By acting on the suprazygomatic fibromuscular layer in the rhytidectomy, the surgeon can avoid tension on the cutaneous layer, and possible conseq…

A pennant-shaped "SMAS sling" is developed from the preauricular SMAS, leaving it attached inferiorly between the level of the earlobe and the angle of the mandible. This is rotated posteriorly over the mastoid process, tension is applied, …

We describe the technical details used in applying nonabsorbable sutures running from the anterior platysma muscles and/or adjacent fascia back to the fascia just in front of or covering the sternocleidomastoid muscles. These sutures usuall…

Platysma/SMAS procedures are still in the evaluation stage. Two significant advantages of the platysma/SMAS procedures are that (1) an operation can be designed for the individual patient's anatomic deformity, and (2) some problems that wer…

The technique of SMAS-platysma facelift has been reviewed. The deep layer lift with the SMAS-platysma myocutaneous flap of the anterior neck and lower face facilitates correction of submental deformities without the necessity of direct appr…