Aesthetic craniofacial surgery.

The concepts of craniofacial surgery developed by Paul Tessier have evolved through four different phases: reconstruction, restoration, remodeling, and rejuvenation. Subperiosteal undermining of the upper, mid, and lower face allowed surgeons not only to reposition the soft tissues at the level of the bony insertion but also to remodel the craniofacial skeleton by either reduction or augmentation. Subperiosteal undermining of the face can be applied to treat a series of aesthetic defects of congenital, traumatic, or degenerative conditions.