Intradermal tattoo as an adjunct to nipple-areola reconstruction.
Abstract
Improving results in breast reconstruction have encouraged more authentic restoration of the lost nipple-areola. While recreation of nipple shape can be reliably achieved, appropriate color has remained elusive, except when a composite nipple graft has been harvested from the normal breast, often at a significant aesthetic, emotional, and oncologic cost. Extensive experience with intradermal tattooing of the nipple-areola in over 100 patients over a 5-year period has shown this technique to be exceptionally safe and effective. Both medical-grade and commercial machines are available at varying prices, and medical-grade pigments may be obtained in a variety of authentic flesh tones derived from titanium or iron oxides. In nearly every case, tattooing has helped with either nipple-areola color, size, shape, or position, without any significant complications. Some degree of tattoo fading is common, requiring occasional late touch-ups and, more rarely, complete retattooing.
추출된 의학 개체 (NER)
| 유형 | 영어 표현 | 한국어 / 풀이 | UMLS CUI | 출처 | 등장 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 해부 | breast
|
유방 | dict | 2 | |
| 해부 | nipple-areola
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | nipple
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | nipple graft
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | intradermal
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 합병증 | nipple-areola
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 약물 | titanium
|
C0040302
titanium
|
scispacy | 1 | |
| 약물 | iron
|
C0302583
iron
|
scispacy | 1 | |
| 약물 | medical-grade pigments
|
scispacy | 1 |
MeSH Terms
Aged; Breast; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nipples; Surgery, Plastic; Tattooing
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