Intradermal tattoo as an adjunct to nipple-areola reconstruction.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery 1989 Vol.83(5) p. 907-11

Spear SL, Convit R, Little JW

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Abstract

Improving results in breast reconstruction have encouraged more authentic restoration of the lost nipple-areola. While recreation of nipple shape can be reliably achieved, appropriate color has remained elusive, except when a composite nipple graft has been harvested from the normal breast, often at a significant aesthetic, emotional, and oncologic cost. Extensive experience with intradermal tattooing of the nipple-areola in over 100 patients over a 5-year period has shown this technique to be exceptionally safe and effective. Both medical-grade and commercial machines are available at varying prices, and medical-grade pigments may be obtained in a variety of authentic flesh tones derived from titanium or iron oxides. In nearly every case, tattooing has helped with either nipple-areola color, size, shape, or position, without any significant complications. Some degree of tattoo fading is common, requiring occasional late touch-ups and, more rarely, complete retattooing.

추출된 의학 개체 (NER)

유형영어 표현한국어 / 풀이UMLS CUI출처등장
해부 breast 유방 dict 2
해부 nipple-areola scispacy 1
해부 nipple scispacy 1
해부 nipple graft scispacy 1
해부 intradermal scispacy 1
합병증 nipple-areola scispacy 1
약물 titanium C0040302
titanium
scispacy 1
약물 iron C0302583
iron
scispacy 1
약물 medical-grade pigments scispacy 1

MeSH Terms

Aged; Breast; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nipples; Surgery, Plastic; Tattooing

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