Gender-Affirming Rhinoplasty: A Scoping Review.

[OBJECTIVES] This scoping review sought to evaluate the current literature regarding gender-affirming rhinoplasty and map out the available objective findings associated with the procedure to identify gaps in knowledge and inform future research endeavors.

[DATA SOURCES] A comprehensive search strategy was performed using PubMed and Embase databases.

[REVIEW METHODS] We completed a scoping review of PubMed and Embase for primary research focused on evaluating the objective nasal measurements and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROM) used for gender-affirming rhinoplasty. English language publications related to gender-affirming rhinoplasty were included. Studies that did not report gender-affirming rhinoplasty outcome measures or were published prior to 2014 were excluded.

[RESULTS] Of the 443 abstracts identified, 18 studies were included for full-text review. Patient-reported outcome measurements, nasal anthropometric measurements, revision rates, and complication rates were collected. None of the PROMs were validated for use with gender-affirming rhinoplasty but generally showed high patient satisfaction. Large variations were noted among nasal anthropometric values between studies. Complication and revision rates were generally low.

[CONCLUSIONS] In this scoping review, we discovered some significant gaps in the literature surrounding gender-affirming rhinoplasty. More PROMs need to be validated for use with this procedure since they are uniquely suited for quantifying the gender-affirming effects. Additionally, the experiences and outcomes of non-Caucasian patients have not been addressed. Despite these gaps, the included studies report revision rates similar to those reported for cosmetic rhinoplasties.