Cervical Subcutaneous Emphysema and Pneumomediastinum Following Revision Septorhinoplasty With Autologous Costal Cartilage Graft: A Case Report.

Cervical subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax are exceedingly rare complications following rhinoplasty, with limited cases reported in the literature. This report presents a case of revision septorhinoplasty using autologous costal cartilage, where the patient complained of a sore throat 36 hours postoperatively. On physical examination, cervical subcutaneous emphysema was palpated, and radiologic evaluation confirmed both cervical subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. An upper aerodigestive tract injury was ruled out as a potential cause. The probable mechanism involved damage to the inner perichondrium of the costal cartilage and endothoracic fascia with an intact pleura, explained in light of current literature, radiographic imaging, and anatomical illustration. This case report, combined with a literature review, provides insights into managing this unique complication and emphasizes the need for clinicians to recognize possible etiological factors related to surgical technique.