Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Dutch FACE-Q Rhinoplasty Questionnaires Using Rasch Analysis.

[BACKGROUND] The English version of the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module, developed according to Rasch measurement theory, has recently been translated into Dutch. Before conclusions can be drawn from the Dutch version, this translation must also fit the item analysis by the Rasch model.

[OBJECTIVES] The primary aim of this study was to evaluate cross-cultural equivalence between the Dutch and English versions of the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module by applying Rasch methodology.

[METHODS] Rasch analysis performed with Winsteps (Beaverton, OR) was used to evaluate the Dutch version of the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales with data from a prospective consecutive cohort of 100 Dutch-speaking septorhinoplasty patients. New Dutch-related conversion tables were constructed for the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales and compared to the original ones. Psychometric cross-validation was performed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.

[RESULTS] Both questionnaires adequately met the requirement of invariance. Within an acceptable range, some issues with item and person fit were found, as well as some local item dependency and differential item functioning. However, comparison of the Dutch- and English-related conversion tables by ROC analysis demonstrated identical results for the FACE-Q nose and nostrils scales.

[CONCLUSIONS] Item analysis by the Rasch model on the data of a Dutch-speaking population proved the conceptual correspondence with the original English version.