Complications of toxins and fillers in facial aesthetics.

Dermal filler and botulinum toxin injections are among the most performed non-invasive procedures for rejuvenation and contouring, internationally. Although most dermal fillers and approved botulinum toxins are well tolerated with a high safety profile, adverse events and/or complications can happen. Injection-related sequelae and side effects are usually rare, mild, transient, and self-limiting in nature. However, devastating and life-changing complications, such as intravascular occlusion, skin necrosis, permanent visual impairment, and stroke, have been reported. Risk reduction measures include an in-depth knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology, correct patient selection, correct identification of clinical indications, and, fundamentally, the importance of appropriate skill and training. In this paper, some of the complications are discussed and advice on how to minimise adverse events and complications from these injectables is provided.