[Cerebral Palsy].

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a relatively common neurological disease, and its prevalence at a transitional age is estimated to be approximately 0.2% in Japan. We should understand the pathology of CP, which causes various dysfunctions other than motor disturbances, for delivering a comprehensive treatment. Rapid progress in perinatal medicine has altered the underlying brain lesions. Bilateral spastic CP associated with visual cognitive impairment due to periventricular leukomalacia has becomethe most prevalent instead of dyskinetic CP due to kernicterus. New types of brain lesions found in very premature infants will be more common among adult CP in the future. Cerebellar injury causes disturbances in cognition and communication, and bilirubin encephalopathy causes severe motor impairment with marked dystonia. The latter needs various medical treatments, including botulinum toxin and intrathecal baclofen. Elevated risk of lifestyle-related and psychological diseases should also be considered.