A Primer for Pediatric Plastic Surgeons on Pediatric Head and Neck Malignancies: Part II-The Initial Diagnostic Workup of Common Pediatric Head and Neck Tumors.

[LEARNING OBJECTIVES] After studying this article, the participant should be able to (1) gather appropriate history and perform relevant physical exam maneuvers for head and neck complaints, (2) relate presenting complaints to differential diagnoses, (3) describe the appropriate workup for various head and neck complaints and presentations, and (4) perform clinical staging of head and neck tumors according to current guidelines.

[SUMMARY] Pediatric head and neck cancers are rare and complex, but plastic surgeons may play a crucial role in the multidisciplinary and multifaceted workup of a suspected malignancy. These cancers present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges given the unique anatomy, physiology, and developmental considerations in children compared to their adult counterparts. A comprehensive workup for pediatric head and neck malignancies is essential, starting with taking a thorough history and physical exam, followed by a well-considered and wide differential diagnosis. Appropriate imaging modalities and biopsy techniques are pivotal in obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Tumor and site-specific staging seek to provide essential information for guiding treatment planning. Plastic surgeons, therefore, must be informed and well versed in their evaluation and workup to best optimize patient outcomes.