Vertex technique: A novel microsurgical technique for papilla reconstruction-Case study.

[BACKGROUND] Interdental papilla is key to gingival health and esthetics. Its loss leads to black triangles, which affects the smile's appearance and increases periodontal risks. Various treatments have been proposed, but papilla reconstruction remains challenging due to anatomical and vascular limitations. This case report aims to describe the vertex technique (VT), a novel approach combining tunneling with connective tissue and bone grafts for papilla reconstruction.

[METHODS] VT was performed on patients with papilla presence index (PPI) 3 and 4 defects and a thick gingival phenotype in the esthetic zone. A microsurgical approach was employed to create an interproximal tunnel, thereby minimizing tissue trauma and preserving the vascular supply. Custom-shaped connective tissue grafts were inserted to enhance soft tissue volume, while bone grafts targeted interproximal bone loss for additional support. The procedure emphasized careful flap management to optimize healing and graft stability. All patients were periodontally treated prior to surgery and were healthy at the time of the procedure.

[RESULTS] VT achieved significant papilla augmentation, reducing the visibility of the black triangles, and improving gingival esthetics, from PPI 3 or 4 to PPI 2 after treatment. The integration of connective tissue and bone grafts resulted in enhanced soft tissue volume and long-term stability observed over follow-up periods of 1‒5 years.

[CONCLUSION] The VT offers a promising solution for interdental papilla defects PPI 3‒4, addressing both soft tissue and bone deficiencies. Its combination of microsurgical tunneling with grafting provides esthetic and stable results, expanding treatment options in periodontal plastic microsurgery.

[KEY POINTS] Vertex technique (VT) combines microsurgical tunneling with connective tissue and bone grafts to reconstruct interdental papillae with high precision and minimal trauma. Significant esthetic improvement and stable papilla height were achieved in papilla presence index 3‒4 defects, with outcomes maintained over 1‒5 years. VT is indicated for healthy, periodontally treated patients with thick phenotypes, although it requires advanced skills and resources for proper execution.

[PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY] This study introduces the vertex technique, a new method to fix gaps (black triangles) between teeth caused by the loss of the interdental papilla. These gaps not only affect the look of a smile but can also harm gums' health. The technique uses a microsurgical approach to insert connective tissue and bone grafts, improving both soft tissue volume and bone support. It was used on patients with severe defects in the esthetic zone. Results showed a significant improvement in appearance and long-term stability, with no complications. The vertex technique offers a promising solution for these periodontal issues.