A Review of Current Uses of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

[PURPOSE] To review and summarize the existing literature on the clinical applications of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[METHODS] A literature review was conducted on the PubMed database using the following search terms: "amniotic membrane" and "eyelid" or "orbit" or "fornix" or "socket" or "lacrimal".

[RESULTS] In total 516 articles resulted from the search, of which 62 were included. Numerous cases and case series have been published on the use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction, eyelid and forniceal reconstruction, and cicatricial eyelid abnormalities. Surgical methods of securing the graft vary. Few comparative studies exist; some show a similar or improved result when compared to oral mucous membrane grafting for certain indications.

[CONCLUSIONS] Amniotic membrane transplantation can be a useful tool for the oculoplastic surgeon when faced with a case requiring reconstruction of the posterior lamellae, particularly in patients without other graft donor sites available, and uses of AMT continue to expand. Additional studies directly comparing AMT to other reconstructive techniques would be helpful in choosing between the available surgical techniques and standardizing best practices.