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[BACKGROUND] This study evaluates change in practice patterns in facelift surgery based on a 15-year review of tracer data collected by the American Board of Plastic Surgery as part of the Continuous Certification process. [METHODS] Tracer…

Although previous publications have reviewed face and necklift anatomy and technique from different perspectives, seldom were the most relevant anatomical details and widely practiced techniques comprehensively summarized in a single work. …

Facial plastic surgery deals with improving the form, function, and appearance of the face. Blepharoplasty (ie, eyelid surgery) is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in men and women 65 years and older. It has been shown to be e…

[OBJECTIVE] There has been a significant shift in the understanding of facial anatomy during the last decade. Newer minimally invasive therapeutic options for facial rejuvenation procedures are increasing the need for a better knowledge of …

[BACKGROUND] Many patients desire cosmetic improvement of neck laxity when consulting with a plastic surgeon about their face. Neck laxity and loss of the cervicomental angle can be due to multiple components of aging such as skin quality/e…

[BACKGROUND] When planning a face lift, the surgeon must keep in mind that signs of aging vary depending on the patient's age, skin quality, bony structure, and muscle tone. The deformities must be evaluated individually to determine the be…

[BACKGROUND] Over the last two decades, short scar facelifts, often referred to as "mini" facelifts, have gained popularity. We use a purse-string reinforced (PRS) superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy (SMASectomy) shortscar fa…

[BACKGROUND] The malar highlight should be considered when performing face lifts in the midface area to restore young and attractive facial contour. The young, attractive face has malar highlights in the superior portion and a malar fat pad…

Although face lifting and skin resurfacing both produce dramatic facial rejuvenations, the simultaneous combination has never been popularized. The development of new methods of lifting and resurfacing may now allow a reevaluation of this c…

Endoscopic facial surgery is gaining wide acceptance, as results are providing comparable if not superior to the standard, superficial musculoaponeurotic system rhytidectomy, with minimal scarring. Frontal branch facial nerve injury remains…

Full facelift through an endoscopic approach has been indicated for young individuals without significant skin excess but with mild laxity of the midface. It also has been indicated in secondary rhytidoplasty. Wide undermining of the face a…

The adverse effects of increased tension across a healing wound are well known. However, the effect of closing a wound in layers in order to decrease tension on the epidermis has been a source of controversy. It is hypothesized that deep ti…

A harmonious facial appearance is determined by a balanced relationship among all tissues of the face. With advancing age, balance is lost among the bone, muscle, fat, and skin as progressive changes occur in their volume, shape, position, …

The cessation of cervical nerve root pain following modified SMAS rhytidectomy is reported. CAT scans and radiographs demonstrating substantial changes in the intervertebral relationships are documented. No previous report exists demonstrat…

The scared look caused by the overcorrection of the frontal area and mobilization of the lateral canthus of the eye and mouth are frequent complications or failures in rhytidectomy. These complications are usually related to poor surgical p…

Superomedial repositioning of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) in the upper lip is accomplished by means of intraoral incisions. The procedure reestablishes the convexity of the lateral vermilion border, elevates the upper l…

The effects of cigarette smoking on the skin flaps of the face lift procedure are discussed. Reported elsewhere is a significant incidence of skin slough in smokers with use of wide undermining techniques. This complication is thought to be…

Resection of the parotid area for tumor results in several deformities. In addition to the neck scar, there is a retromandibular and cheek depression. By using a rhytidectomy incision and advancement of the superficial musculoaponeurotic fa…

We reported in 1980 the course of the great auricular nerve from the perspective of the surgeon performing rhytidectomy using the platysma flap operation. Since the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) operation has become increasin…

A retrospective study of 512 rhytidectomy surgeries performed by one of us (F.M.K.) showed that the sequential technique and two-stage concept was used in most cases, with improvement in results noted when platysmal-superficial musculoapone…