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[BACKGROUND] A facial contour that is oval is more pleasing in Asian women. Patients with a square face often seek facial contouring procedures to improve their appearance. Treatment often involves various combinations of Botulinum NeuroTox…

Botulinum toxin type A can produce dramatic improvements in patients with benign masseteric hypertrophy but this method alone is not as effective for patients with a rounded lower face. The paper describes the effective use of selective low…

[OBJECTIVE] To use three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning to elucidate changes in the external facial contour before and after botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections. [METHODS & MATERIALS] BoNT-A was injected into 15 volunteers as a tre…

The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) is well established in medical practice. The application of BoNT extends over many indications such as strabismus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and others. Another indication for the use of BoNT type A …

[BACKGROUND] A prominent mandibular angle is a common reason for aesthetic treatment among Asian women. Such women usually present with hypertrophic masseteric muscles, and one treatment for this uses botulinum toxin A (BoNTA). Detailed eff…

The lower third of Asian faces is wider than that of Caucasians and it is determined by the size and width of the mandibular bone and the thickness of muscles and subcutaneous fat tissues surrounding it. Efforts to create an aesthetically s…

[BACKGROUND] Since type A botulinum toxin was first reported for the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy in 1994, there have been few reports about cosmetic indications for contouring procedures of the lower face with injection of botu…