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[OBJECTIVE] Adipose tissue is used in several specialties to obtain Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASC) and fat derivatives. Several studies analyze protocols for harvesting fat tissues. However, these studies showed inconclusive data regardin…

[BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES] Microsurgical grading scales are widely used prognostic tools in the preoperative assessment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs); however, a key shortcoming of commonly used systems is the consideration of "elo…

[BACKGROUND] Traditional methods of mandibular reconstruction commonly utilize the fibula-free flap (FFF) with delayed placement of dental prostheses. Recently, immediate prosthesis placement has been introduced to eliminate the period of e…

Like small ruminants, alpacas are prone to urethral obstruction, commonly caused by urolithiasis. Surgical intervention, such as perineal urethrostomy, is often necessary, though recurrent strictures and impaired healing pose significant ch…

Current injectable fillers often suffer from a transient efficacy and insufficient early stage improvement. To address this, we developed a composite dermal filler consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-L-lactic acid-methoxypolyethylen…

Patients with head and neck cancer commonly experience severe neuropathic pain. This pain is often challenging to treat and may be refractory to standard analgesic approaches. We describe the use of subcutaneous Botox injections to manage p…

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a widely used biologic therapeutic, yet the influence of natural toxin sequence variation on the stability of neutralizing antibody binding remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed a com…

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are increasingly used for glycemic control and weight loss, but their impact on surgical wound complications remains unclear. Some studies suggest GLP-1s reduce complications suc…

[OBJECTIVE] Full-thickness cheek defects resulting from advanced oral cavity cancer pose significant reconstructive challenges, with both functional and aesthetic implications. Although free flap remains the gold standard, it is resource-in…

[BACKGROUND] Endovascular therapy is commonly used for ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA); however, complications such as medullary infarction and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)-related ischemia remain concern…

[PURPOSE] Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-risk vascular anomalies associated with hemorrhage, neurological morbidity, and mortality. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established, non-invasive treatment that achiev…

[OBJECTIVE] This study aimed to investigate the association between botulinum toxin type A treatment and changes in spasticity and abnormal flexor synergies in patients with chronic stroke. [SUBJECTS] Twenty-eight patients with chronic str…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used clinically, yet its temporary effects require repeated injections that increase cost and inconvenience. Claims that repeated BoNT-A use alters efficacy lack rigorous evaluation. Un…

[BACKGROUND] Tear trough deformity (TTD) is a periorbital hollow extending from the medial canthus to the midpupillary line, which is mainly caused by the traction of the tear trough ligament (TTL). This study aimed to present a retroseptal…

[AIM AND BACKGROUND] Asian rhinoplasty presents unique challenges due to distinct anatomical features, including a low nasal dorsum, weak cartilaginous framework, and thick soft tissue envelope. This article examines contemporary surgical a…

Reconstructing the dorsum in revision rhinoplasty remains a complex challenge. Traditional methods such as solid rib grafts and diced cartilage fascia (DCF) grafts present significant limitations, including warping, displacement, and insuff…

Piezoelectric osteotomy may reduce postoperative morbidity after rhinoplasty, but time-based effects remain uncertain. We aimed to understand the time-based effectiveness and safety of piezoelectric osteotomy versus conventional method. We …