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The Relationship Between the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Functional Mobility Scale, Observational Gait Scale, and the Amsterdam Gait Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy During Long-Term Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Injections and Combined Integrated, Intensive Rehabilitation.
Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) experience complex gait disorders that change with age, leading to reduced activity and social participation. This study aimed to analyse how gait patterns developed over five years and to examine the relat…
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Long-Term Improvement of Gait Kinematics in Young Children with Cerebral Palsy Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injections and Integrated/Intensive Rehabilitation: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Study.
[INTRODUCTION] Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) present mobility limitations that alter their activity and participation in social life. This study aimed to assess changes in gait kinematic measurements using the Observational Gait Scale (…
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Functional improvement of young children with cerebral palsy treated with integrated/intensive rehabilitation and botulinum toxin injections.
[INTRODUCTION] Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) present mobility limitations altering their activity and participation in social life. The aim of this study was to assess changes in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Fu…
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Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - basic science (Part 1).
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations are widely used in clinical practice. Although they share a common mechanism of action resulting in presynaptic block in acetylocholine release, their structure and pharmacological propertie…
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Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - clinical studies (Part 2).
The growing number of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations on the market has resulted in a search for pharmacological, clinical and pharmacoeconomic differences. Patients are occasionally switched from one botulinum toxin formu…
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Safety and efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A preparations in cerebral palsy - an evidence-based review.
The introduction of botulinum toxin more than 25 years ago for the management of paediatric lower and upper limb hypertonia has been a major advance. BoNT-A as a part of multimodal treatment supports motor development and improves function …
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Muscle Selection and Dosing in a Phase 3, Pivotal Study of AbobotulinumtoxinA Injection in Upper Limb Muscles in Children With Cerebral Palsy.
Guidelines recommend botulinum toxin-A in pediatric upper limb spasticity as part of routine practice. Appropriate dosing is a prerequisite for treatment success and it is important that injectors have an understanding on how to tailor dosi…
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Efficacy of Repeat AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) Injections in Improving Gait in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.
: This secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind study plus open-label extension (NCT01249417/NCT01251380) evaluated the efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo in improving gait pattern in children with dynamic equinus due to …
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AbobotulinumtoxinA Efficacy and Safety in Children With Equinus Foot Previously Treated With Botulinum Toxin.
[BACKGROUND] The effects of botulinum toxin are transient, and repeat injections are required in children with lower-limb spasticity. However, the efficacy of botulinum toxin in patients who have received previous injections has remained la…
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AbobotulinumtoxinA for Equinus Foot Deformity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
[BACKGROUND] Although botulinum toxin is a well-established treatment of focal spasticity in cerebral palsy, most trials have been small, and few have simultaneously assessed measures of muscle tone and clinical benefit. [METHODS] Global, …