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A practical booklet for ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections.
In the last 15 years, the use of ultrasound to guide botulinum neurotoxin type A injections has been advocated by many authors, with growing evidence showing the benefits of using ultrasound guidance to improve the efficacy of injections. P…
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Botulinum Toxin for Pain Relief in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Cancer pain is one of the most disabling symptoms complained by cancer patients, with a crucial impact on physical and psychological well-being. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) type A and B have emerged as potential interventions for chronic …
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Upper Limb Casting Application Post-Botulinum Toxin Injection for Elbow Spasticity: A Guided Casting Protocol.
Casting is an effective adjunctive treatment, which increases the effects of botulinum toxin on patients with spasticity. The evidence for casting as an adjunctive therapy post-botulinum toxin has been well documented in the literature. How…
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Post-stroke spasticity: follow-up and functional implications of chronic long-term treatment with botulinum toxin.
[BACKGROUND] Around 40% of stroke survivor develop spasticity. Plantar flexors (PF) muscles are often affected, with severe functional impairment. The treatment of choice is botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) combined with adjuvant treatments.…
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Selecting Goals and Target Muscles for Botulinum Toxin A Injection Using the Goal Oriented Facilitated Approach to Spasticity Treatment (GO-FAST) Tool.
The objective of this article is to introduce the GO-FAST Tool (developed by the Toxnet group) to clinicians working in the field of neurological rehabilitation, specifically post-stroke spasticity management. The concepts utilized in the T…
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Multidimensional Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin in Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Although botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been suggested as a treatment to counter neuropathic pain, no previous systematic reviews investigated the multidimensional effects of BoNT on pain relief and Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL). The …
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The Lack of Systemic and Subclinical Side Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A in Patients Affected by Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Botulinum Neurotoxin type-A (BoNT-A) is the treatment of choice for focal post-stroke spasticity (PSS). Due to its mechanism of action and the administration method, some authors raised concern about its possible systemic diffusion leading …
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A practical guide to optimizing the benefits of post-stroke spasticity interventions with botulinum toxin A: An international group consensus.
This consensus paper is derived from a meeting of an international group of 19 neurological rehabilitation specialists with a combined experience of more than 250 years (range 4-25 years; mean 14.1 years) in treating post-stroke spasticity …
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Electrical stimulation of antagonist muscles after botulinum toxin type A for post-stroke spastic equinus foot. A randomized single-blind pilot study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection is an effective treatment for lower-limb spasticity and should be offered as first-line treatment for focal manifestations. Although its possible role has been hypothesized, the efficac…
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Safety Profile of High-Dose Botulinum Toxin Type A in Post-Stroke Spasticity Treatment.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of focal post-stroke spasticity (PSS). However, a recently published study estimated that a significant percentage of patients affected by PSS could benefit f…
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Heart Rate Variability modifications induced by high doses of incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA in hemiplegic chronic stroke patients: A single blind randomized controlled, crossover pilot study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A is a valid and safe treatment for focal spasticity, with documented effects on both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Heart rate variability can provide detailed information about the control of th…