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Adjuvant treatments associated with botulinum toxin injection for managing spasticity: An overview of the literature.
[BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE] A wide range of adjunct therapies after botulinum toxin administration have been proposed. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of major writings dealing with adjuvant (non-pharmacological) treat…
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Electrical stimulation of antagonist muscles after botulinum toxin type A for post-stroke spastic equinus foot. A randomized single-blind pilot study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection is an effective treatment for lower-limb spasticity and should be offered as first-line treatment for focal manifestations. Although its possible role has been hypothesized, the efficac…
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Management of spasticity with onabotulinumtoxinA: practical guidance based on the italian real-life post-stroke spasticity survey.
The present paper provides practical guidance on the management of adult spasticity with OnabotulinumtoxinA. Advisory Board members reviewed the available evidence and discussed their personal experiences in order to address the unmet needs…
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Safety Profile of High-Dose Botulinum Toxin Type A in Post-Stroke Spasticity Treatment.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of focal post-stroke spasticity (PSS). However, a recently published study estimated that a significant percentage of patients affected by PSS could benefit f…
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Sonographic and clinical effects of botulinum toxin Type A combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spastic muscles of children with cerebral palsy.
[OBJECTIVE] The aim of this study was to compare the combined sonographic and clinical effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) versus BoNT-A alone in children with cerebral palsy. [METHODS] T…
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The Italian real-life post-stroke spasticity survey: unmet needs in the management of spasticity with botulinum toxin type A.
The present national survey seeking to identify unmet needs in the management of spasticity with botulinum toxin type A focused on the use of OnabotulinumoxinA, since this is the brand with the widest range of licensed indications in Italy.…
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Influence of physician empathy on the outcome of botulinum toxin treatment for upper limb spasticity in patients with chronic stroke: A cohort study.
[OBJECTIVE] To examine the relationship between patient-rated physician empathy and outcome of botulinum toxin treatment for post-stroke upper limb spasticity. [DESIGN] Cohort study. [SUBJECTS] Twenty chronic stroke patients with upper li…
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Heart Rate Variability modifications induced by high doses of incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA in hemiplegic chronic stroke patients: A single blind randomized controlled, crossover pilot study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A is a valid and safe treatment for focal spasticity, with documented effects on both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Heart rate variability can provide detailed information about the control of th…
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Botulinum Toxin Injection Site for the Medial Approach to Tibialis Posterior Muscle in Chronic Stroke Patients with Spastic Equinovarus Foot: An Observational Study.
The tibialis posterior muscle is a frequent target for injection of botulinum toxin during the management of spastic equinovarus foot in adults with post-stroke spasticity. Although it is deep-seated, the needle insertion into the tibialis …