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Role of Urological Botulinum Toxin-A Injection for Overactive Bladder and Voiding Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease or Post-Stroke.
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) paralyzes muscle by blocking acetylcholine release at the synaptic junction. BoNT-A has shown its therapeutic effects in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and post-stroke spasticity. A high p…
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New Frontiers of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Medicine in Urology from Bench to Clinical Studies.
A shock wave (SW), which carries energy and propagates through a medium, is a type of continuous transmitted sonic wave that can achieve rapid energy transformations. SWs have been applied for many fields of medical science in various treat…
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Metabolic Syndrome and Overactive Bladder Syndrome May Share Common Pathophysiologies.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a group of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome consists of symptoms such as urinary ur…
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Promise and the Pharmacological Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin A in Chronic Prostatitis Syndrome.
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/ CPPS) has a negative impact on the quality of life, and its etiology still remains unknown. Although many treatment protocols have been evaluated in CP/CPPS, the outcomes have usually be…
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A Prospective, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of Bladder Instillation of Liposome Formulation OnabotulinumtoxinA for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.
[PURPOSE] Intravesical instillation of liposomal formulated botulinum toxin A (lipotoxin) has shown therapeutic effects as treatment of refractory overactive bladder without needle injections. We assessed lipotoxin to treat refractory inter…
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Investigational drugs for bladder pain syndrome (BPS) / interstitial cystitis (IC).
[INTRODUCTION] Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is associated with sensory lower urinary tract symptoms. Unfortunately, many of the existing oral treatments are ineffective in most patients of BPS/IC, which is the moti…
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Intraprostatic Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-A Spotlight in Reality.
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It inhibits the release of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters from the nerve terminal. Botulinum toxin, specifically toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been used…
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Urodynamic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin A Delivery Using Low Energy Shock Waves.
[PURPOSE] We investigated the feasibility of using low energy shock waves for intravesical botulinum toxin A delivery. We also evaluated its efficacy for acetic acid induced bladder hyperactivity in rats. [MATERIALS AND METHODS] In study 1…