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Etiology and Management of Intraoperative Free Flap Failure.
[BACKGROUND] Intraoperative free flap failure necessitates prompt intraoperative decision-making on alternative reconstructive strategies. In this study, we investigate the etiology and management of intraoperative flap loss. [METHODS] Ret…
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Flow-Through Flaps as a Robust Method for Advanced Free Flap Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Multi-Institutional Experience.
[BACKGROUND] Flow-through flaps (FTFs) are an advanced technique in which a free flap is anastomosed to the pedicle of another free flap to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects when recipient vessels are scarce. [METHODS] A multi-in…
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Outcomes of Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer in Renal Failure Patients.
[OBJECTIVE] To assess if there is increased risk of free flap failure in renal failure patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction. We seek to primarily assess free flap outcomes based on stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and seco…
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Effect of preoperative programmed death-1 or programmed death ligand-1 immune check point inhibition on complications after surgery for primary head and neck cancer.
[BACKGROUND] There is sparse literature on the effect of preoperative immunotherapy on complications after surgery for primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objectives are to compare complication rates in patients recei…
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Microvascular reconstruction of medication related osteonecrosis of the head and neck.
[BACKGROUND] Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) requiring free flap (FF) reconstruction is uncommon with limited reported findings. [METHODS] Multicenter, retrospective case series of 49 consecutive adult patients presenti…
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Delayed pathologic tibial fracture with chronic osteomyelitis after fibula free flap.
The reported donor site morbidity of the fibula free flap (FFF) is low; however, several uncommon complications have been reported with tibia fracture rarely being reported. We present a case of a pathological tibial fracture in the setting…
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Microvascular reconstruction of midface osteoradionecrosis.
[BACKGROUND] Head and neck osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the midface requiring free flap (FF) reconstruction is uncommon. This multi-institutional study was designed to review outcomes for this rare patient population. [METHODS] Retrospectiv…
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Free flap reconstruction following head and neck trauma.
[BACKGROUND] Free flap (FF) reconstruction of traumatic injuries to the head and neck is uncommon. [METHODS] Multi-institutional retrospective case series of patients undergoing FF reconstruction for a traumatic injury (n = 103). [RESULTS…
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Factors Impacting Discharge Destination Following Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction.
[OBJECTIVE] Determine which variables impact postoperative discharge destination following head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction. [STUDY DESIGN] Retrospective review of prospectively collected databases. [METHODS] Consecuti…
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Postoperative analysis of osseous midface reconstructions: The value of imaging and a novel scoring system for complexity and operative success.
[BACKGROUND] Few standardized methods exist for evaluating the postoperative outcomes of osteocutaneous free flaps. We propose an anatomic-based scoring system for midface free flap reconstruction. [METHODS] One hundred and twelve patients…
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Evaluating the impact of hemodynamic support measures on head and neck free tissue transfer outcomes: A population-based analysis.
[OBJECTIVES] This study sought to analyze the effects of perioperative blood transfusions and vasopressors on 30-day surgical complications and 1-year mortality after reconstructive surgery in head and neck free tissue transfer (FTT) and to…
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Impact of preoperative and intraoperative management on outcomes in osteoradionecrosis requiring free flap reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Perioperative management of advanced osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck requiring free flap (FF) reconstruction varies. Our objectives included assessment of practice patterns and outcomes. [METHODS] Multi-institutional, …
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Age and Comorbidities Impact Medical Complications and Mortality Following Free Flap Reconstruction.
[OBJECTIVE] Determine if age correlated with surgical or medical complications following head and neck free flap reconstruction. [STUDY DESIGN] Retrospective review of prospectively collected databases. [METHODS] Patients undergoing head …
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Success and Outcomes Following a Second Salvage Attempt for Free Flap Compromise in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Reconstruction.
[IMPORTANCE] Incidence of perioperative free flap compromise is low, with successful salvage in up to 70%. When the flap is compromised a second time, the value of intervening is unknown. [OBJECTIVE] To assess the outcomes of a second reva…
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Analysis of cost and outcomes in bony versus soft tissue midface free flap reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Outcomes and cost of soft tissue versus bony midface free flap reconstruction (MR) with and without virtual surgical planning (VSP) were evaluated. [METHODS] Retrospective review of MR including ischemic time (IT), operative d…
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Occult Metastases During Salvage Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Free Flaps: Oncologic Outcomes.
[OBJECTIVES] To define rates of occult metastases in salvage oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer resection requiring free flap, to examine the location of occult metastases, and to determine associations between occult metastasis and survi…
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Management of the Acute Loss of a Free Flap to the Head and Neck-A Multi-institutional Review.
[OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS] To review the management of failed free tissue transfers among four large institutions over a 13-year period to provide data and analysis for a logical, algorithmic, experience-based approach to the management of fai…
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Free tissue transfer for central skull base defect reconstruction: Case series and surgical technique.
[OBJECTIVES] Local reconstruction of central skull base defects may be inadequate for large defects or reoperative cases; free tissue transfer may be necessary. Inset of the flap and management of the pedicle can be challenging. We report o…
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Anastomotic Revision in Head and Neck Free Flaps.
[OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS] Predictors of free tissue transfer (FTT) failure and the need for postoperative revision (POR) have been extensively studied; however, there are little data evaluating outcomes when intraoperative revision (IOR) at i…
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Outcomes of Venous End-to-Side Microvascular Anastomoses of the Head and Neck.
[OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS] The literature on outcomes of end-to-side (ETS) anastomoses for microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck is limited. This series reviews ETS in free tissue transfer (FTT) across multiple institutions to bett…
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Head and neck surgery global outreach: Ethics, planning, and impact.
[BACKGROUND] Head and neck surgical oncology and reconstruction are uniquely suited to address burdens of disease in underserved areas. Since these efforts are not well known in our specialty, we sought to understand global outreach through…
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Microvascular Reconstruction of Osteonecrosis: Assessment of Long-term Quality of Life.
[OBJECTIVE] Review long-term clinical and quality-of-life outcomes following free flap reconstruction for osteonecrosis. [STUDY DESIGN] Retrospective multi-institutional review. [SETTING] Tertiary care centers. [METHODS] Patients include…
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Long-Term Complications of Osteocutaneous Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction.
[OBJECTIVE] To determine the frequency at which patients with osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck develop long-term complications and identify predisposing perioperative factors. [STUDY DESIGN] A prospectively main…
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Natural History and Consequences of Nonunion in Mandibular and Maxillary Free Flaps.
[OBJECTIVE] To describe the natural history of bone segment union in head and neck free flap procedures and detail the association of poor segment union with postoperative complications. [STUDY DESIGN] Case series with chart review. [SETT…
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First bite syndrome following transcervical arterial ligation after transoral robotic surgery.
[OBJECTIVE] To assess the incidence of first bite syndrome (FBS) in transoral robotic surgical (TORS) patients undergoing transcervical arterial ligation. [METHODS] Retrospective case series of all patients diagnosed with FBS following pro…