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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees Part 2: Speech Fundamentals and Perceptual Speech Assessment.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of the velopharyngeal (VP) port, affecting speech and swallowing. The gold standard for diagnosis is auditory-perceptual speech evaluation by a specialized speech-l…
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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees-Part 1: Anatomy and Physiology.
The velopharyngeal (VP) port separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and is bordered by the velum, lateral pharyngeal walls, and posterior pharyngeal wall. Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of…
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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees Part 3: Objective Assessment and Surgical Decision-Making.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of the velopharyngeal (VP) port, affecting speech and swallowing. After an auditory-perceptual speech evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, objective assessm…
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Dorsal Augmentation: A Review of Current Graft Options.
[BACKGROUND] Dorsal augmentation is one of the more complication-prone procedures in rhinoplasty, demanding ample skill and experience to produce an aesthetic and functional result. Numerous autologous grafts, allografts, xenografts, and al…
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Acute Intentional Deformation of Open Tibial Fractures for Complex Soft Tissue Closure in the Pediatric Patient.
Lower extremity injuries in the pediatric population that are associated with Gustillo 3B/3C fractures require special consideration. Limb salvage should be attempted in the pediatric patient if at all possible, and oftentimes the soft tiss…