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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees Part 2: Speech Fundamentals and Perceptual Speech Assessment.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of the velopharyngeal (VP) port, affecting speech and swallowing. The gold standard for diagnosis is auditory-perceptual speech evaluation by a specialized speech-l…
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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees-Part 1: Anatomy and Physiology.
The velopharyngeal (VP) port separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and is bordered by the velum, lateral pharyngeal walls, and posterior pharyngeal wall. Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of…
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Demystifying Velopharyngeal Dysfunction for Plastic Surgery Trainees Part 3: Objective Assessment and Surgical Decision-Making.
Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is the inability to achieve proper closure of the velopharyngeal (VP) port, affecting speech and swallowing. After an auditory-perceptual speech evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, objective assessm…
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Dorsal Augmentation: A Review of Current Graft Options.
[BACKGROUND] Dorsal augmentation is one of the more complication-prone procedures in rhinoplasty, demanding ample skill and experience to produce an aesthetic and functional result. Numerous autologous grafts, allografts, xenografts, and al…
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Le Fort 1 and Bimaxillary Osteotomies Increase the Length of Stay but not Postoperative Morbidity Compared to Mandibular Osteotomies and Single Jaw Procedures.
[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study is to examine the association between type of facial osteotomies performed during orthognathic surgery and postoperative outcomes including complications, length of stay, and readmission. [METHODS] A ret…