Jin L ⚠ 동명이인 가능성

Implant-based breast reconstruction is frequently complicated by capsular contracture and surgical-site infection. Current mesh materials are unable to effectively address these complications due to inherent limitations. This study introduc…

Microsurgery has revolutionized modern surgery through its precision and favorable outcomes, but it remains limited by operational difficulty and the scarcity of skilled surgeons. Advances in robotics and communication technology have enabl…

[BACKGROUND] Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry has become an essential tool in anthropometry for both clinical and aesthetic purposes. However, to our knowledge, no standardized and validated 3D protocol specifically targeting the…

[BACKGROUND] Facial botulinum toxin type A injections are among the most common procedures in the field of aesthetic surgery. However, this procedure requires practitioners to have a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical distributio…

[BACKGROUND] The previous studies have primarily focused on the influence of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection on emotions during the period of peak motor symptom improvement in blepharospasm patients, based on facial feedback hypothesis…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is infamous for its extreme toxicity. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause botulism presenting with a typical pattern of motor and autonomic dysfunction. An international expert panel organised by IAB-Interdiscipl…

[BACKGROUND] Cervical lymphaticovenous bypass has recently emerged as an innovative surgical approach to enhance brain lymphatic clearance for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although early clinical findings are promising, the abse…

[BACKGROUND] The Kiss flap technique, aligned with flap economics, has gained traction in head and neck cancer reconstruction. This study evaluates "classic" and "non-classic" Kiss flap methods and explores flap economics principles. [METH…

[BACKGROUND] The jawline and neck significantly influence facial aesthetics. Botulinum toxin and filler are highly favored as minimally invasive jawline rejuvenation procedures. However, little evidence exists on the age-related skin and su…

[CONTEXT] Spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) presents daily challenges because of spasms, impacting motor function. Although multiple nonsurgical therapies exist, their comparative efficacy remains uncertain. [OBJECTIVE] To compare the effective…

[OBJECTIVE] This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection near the stylomastoid foramen for tinnitus in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). [STUDY DESIGN] Retrospective study from 2011 to …

[BACKGROUND] The Col-Cap classification for cervical dystonia (CD) is proposed to optimize treatment strategy with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). Although this concept has been used for 15 years, the efficacy of BTX-A in various CD pattern…

[BACKGROUND] Hyamax® Monophasic Volumizer Dermal Fillers is a newly designed hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler for chin augmentation. [METHODS] A prospective, single-center, evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled study was designed to e…

[BACKGROUND] Traditional transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty procedures that remove only the orbital septal fat often fail to effectively correct tear trough deformities, and may even exacerbate lower eyelid hollowness. Thus, developing …

[BACKGROUND] Emerging three-dimensional digital visualization technology (DVT) provides more advantages than traditional microscopy in microsurgery; however, its impact on microsurgeons' visual and nervous systems and delicate microsurgery …

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin is administered to paralyze the gastrocnemius muscle and reduce its size, thereby improving the calf contour and reducing the leg circumference of the calf. [OBJECTIVES] In pursuit of better efficacy, we design…

[BACKGROUND] The depressor anguli oris muscle (DAO) is a pivotal treatment target when creating a harmonic jawline. However, evidence of its live morphology remains scarce. [OBJECTIVES] In this study we aimed to reevaluate the DAO with a f…

[BACKGROUND] Double eyelids are always considered crucial aesthetic symbols. Despite numerous studies conducted on the attractiveness of double eyelids, there remains a dearth of research on quantitative and morphological evaluation of idea…

[BACKGROUND] Three-dimensional facial stereophotogrammetry, a convenient, noninvasive and highly reliable evaluation tool, has in recent years shown great potential in plastic surgery for preoperative planning and evaluating treatment effic…

[BACKGROUND] The ageing in the mid-face involves volume deficiency in multiple anatomical units, including the zygomatic arch, infraorbital region, medial and lateral cheek and nasolabial fold (NLF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is extensively used…

[BACKGROUND] Masseter reduction by botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injection is a popular procedure in East Asia. Inappropriate injection can result in various complications. [OBJECTIVES] The aim of this study was to develop an approach fo…

[BACKGROUND] Multiple muscles contribute to the formation of dorsal nasal lines (DNLs) and affect nasal aesthetics. Few attempts have been made to explore the range of distribution of DNLs in relation to injection planning. [OBJECTIVES] Th…

[BACKGROUNDS] 3D simulation is increasingly used in rhinoplasty. However, during the operation, there is no tool to directly link the 3D simulation results with the intraoperative operation. Doctors rely on 3D simulation results only accord…

Torticaput is the most common primary form of cervical dystonia (CD). Obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) plays a major role in ipsilateral rotation of the head. The present study aimed to use single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/C…

[INTRODUCTION] Retroform cervical dystonia (RCD), which includes retrocaput and retrocollis, is a rare form of cervical dystonia. Few reports have been published on RCD. The present study aimed to characterize the target muscles involved in…

[BACKGROUND] Large calves are considered unattractive. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), acting as a neurotoxin that reduces muscle contraction, is widely used in calf contouring. However, there lacks detailed anatomical data to guide clinic…

Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is a complex and highly individualised therapy defined by treatment algorithms and injection schemes describing its target muscles and their dosing. Various consensus guidelines have tried to standardise and to …

[BACKGROUND] The relationship between brain abnormalities and phenotypic characteristics in cervical dystonia (CD) patients has not been fully established, and little is known about the neuroplastic changes induced by botulinum toxin type A…

In 1997, lanbotulinumtoxinA (LAN) was introduced in China. It is now available in Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe under various brand names including Hengli, Lantox, Prosigne, Lanzox, Redux, Liftox, HBTX-A and CBTX-A. The literature …

[BACKGROUND] Scars exposed on the body surface lead to a large psychological burden on patients. However, no satisfactory scar treatments exist. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin that has been widely applied in the plastic and cosmetic…