Pan L ⚠ 동명이인 가능성

Botulinum toxin (BT) is infamous for its extreme toxicity. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause botulism presenting with a typical pattern of motor and autonomic dysfunction. An international expert panel organised by IAB-Interdiscipl…

[BACKGROUND] Women have historically been underrepresented in surgical subspecialties like facial plastic surgery. Authorship is a key metric in career progression; hence, it is important to assay progress in this domain. [STUDY OBJECTIVES…

[OBJECTIVES] To characterize treatment and hearing outcomes for cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas with inherent risks of hearing loss and identify predictors of hearing loss for surgically treated lesions. [DESIGN] Retrospective cha…

[BACKGROUND] Anatomical differences in facial aging and aesthetic needs of Asian and Caucasian individuals have led to disparate clinical rejuvenation strategies using filler augmentation for midface volume deficits. Therefore, the Asian Mi…

[OBJECTIVE] This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection near the stylomastoid foramen for tinnitus in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). [STUDY DESIGN] Retrospective study from 2011 to …

[BACKGROUND] The Col-Cap classification for cervical dystonia (CD) is proposed to optimize treatment strategy with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). Although this concept has been used for 15 years, the efficacy of BTX-A in various CD pattern…

Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is the therapy of choice for most forms of dystonia. We want to describe its costs, if all dystonia patients in Germany would have access to optimal BT therapy. For this, we combined the latest data on epidemiol…

[BACKGROUND] Emerging three-dimensional digital visualization technology (DVT) provides more advantages than traditional microscopy in microsurgery; however, its impact on microsurgeons' visual and nervous systems and delicate microsurgery …

Idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) is by far the largest subgroup of dystonia. Still, its natural course is largely unknown. We studied the natural course of 100 ICD patients from our botulinum toxin clinics (age at ICD onset 45.8 ± 13.5 ye…

[BACKGROUND] Filler injections are commonly applied to reshape facial contouring. However, cadaveric injections of filler for facial contouring on the whole face, followed by anatomic analysis and measurement, have rarely been reported. Thi…

Torticaput is the most common primary form of cervical dystonia (CD). Obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) plays a major role in ipsilateral rotation of the head. The present study aimed to use single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/C…

Previous studies have used botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) to improve postoperative and hypertrophic scars; however, there is lack of detailed verification on the safety and effectiveness of this approach. This study aimed to evaluate the the…

[INTRODUCTION] Retroform cervical dystonia (RCD), which includes retrocaput and retrocollis, is a rare form of cervical dystonia. Few reports have been published on RCD. The present study aimed to characterize the target muscles involved in…

In 1997, lanbotulinumtoxinA (LAN) was introduced in China. It is now available in Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe under various brand names including Hengli, Lantox, Prosigne, Lanzox, Redux, Liftox, HBTX-A and CBTX-A. The literature …

[BACKGROUND] Although single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) could help to predetermine dystonic muscles in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), its efficacy in aiding botulinum toxin injection is undetermined. This randomiz…

[BACKGROUND] Morbihan syndrome is a rare illness, which presents with recurrent pitting edema on the upper two thirds of the face causing facial contour deformities, and Morbihan syndrome obstructing the pupillary axis with ptosis was seldo…

Botulinum toxin (BT) consists of botulinum neurotoxin and complexing proteins (CPs). CPs might provide mechanical protection for botulinum neurotoxin. As incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO, Xeomin®) does not contain CPs, we wanted to compare its mec…

LanbotulinumtoxinA (LAN) is manufactured and registered in China since 1994. Despite its widespread use in China and its increasing use in other Asian countries and in South America, it is not yet well known elsewhere. We wanted to compare …

[BACKGROUND] Double-eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic surgeries in China. But the traditional method produces a hidebound double eyelid due to its rigid suturing between the skin and the tarsus. The authors of this …

Botulinum toxin (BT) is provided by several manufacturers producing a number of different drugs. Their potency is given in internationally standardised mouse units (MU). Clinical practise, however, reveals that the potency labelling of diff…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is the treatment of choice for hemifacial spasm (HFS). When BT is injected into the affected side, patients may experience increased facial asymmetry. We wanted to evaluate in a prospective, randomised, placebo-controll…

Botulinum toxin (BT) can stimulate formation of BT antibodies (BTAB) thus producing Antibody-Induced Therapy Failure (ABTF). BTAB titres may drop eventually. When BT therapy is then re-started with conventional BT drugs, BTAB titres re-incr…

[OBJECTIVE] To investigate the role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Rac1/MAPK/ERK) signal pathway in rats with ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) and i…

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection is one of the most widely used methods for hemifacial spasm (HFS) with high efficacy in controlling spasm. However, it is still unknown if esthetic symmetry could be desired as the spasm was controlled b…

This study aimed to investigate if the effective duration time of botulinum toxin A (Btx-A) could be prolonged by polyclonal neural cell adhesion molecule antibody (P-NCAM-Ab). 175 male SD rats were randomly divided into three major groups:…

Ultrasound properties of rabbit and human skin tissues under transverse stress have been studied in vitro over the frequency range from 15 MHz to 40 MHz. B-scan images show significant increases in average dermal grey-scale levels for incre…