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Predictors of response to botulinum toxin treatment in patients with primary hemifacial spasm: A prospective cohort study.
[INTRODUCTION] Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disabling movement disorder characterized by involuntary, unilateral facial muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the standard non-surgical treatment, but response variability exists, and p…
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Arterial Anastomosis to Injured Vessels: Outcomes in Lower Extremity Trauma Reconstruction.
[BACKGROUND] Although traditional teaching advocates that microsurgical anastomoses should be performed to uninjured vessels outside the zone of injury (ZOI), there is no defined way to assess the extent of the ZOI, and uninjured vessels ma…
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Go Deep or Go Home: Evaluating Venous Drainage Systems in Microvascular Lower Extremity Reconstruction.
No consensus exists regarding the utilization of the lower extremity superficial venous system compared with the deep veins in free flap procedures for limb salvage. This study analyzed the risks of venous complications associated with supe…
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Exploring the Connection between Flap Type and Infection in Lower Extremity Fractures.
Muscle flaps were historically considered superior to fasciocutaneous (FC) flaps for coverage of open fractures and exposed hardware. However, both flap types are now commonly used in modern lower extremity (LE) reconstruction, and it remai…