Pandey S ⚠ 동명이인 가능성

Botulinum toxin (BT) is infamous for its extreme toxicity. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause botulism presenting with a typical pattern of motor and autonomic dysfunction. An international expert panel organised by IAB-Interdiscipl…

[INTRODUCTION] Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disabling movement disorder characterized by involuntary, unilateral facial muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the standard non-surgical treatment, but response variability exists, and p…

Essential tremor is one of the most common causes of action tremors, involving bilateral upper limbs, with or without tremor in other body regions such as the head, voice, or lower limbs. Pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment for esse…

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a mainstay in treating several neurological disorders including in women of reproductive age. This review, based on 43 studies encompassing 658 human cases and supporting animal data, evaluates its safety duri…

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) is a multi-factorial disorder, with quite complex endotypes, consisting of anatomical and non-anatomical pathophysiological factors. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recognized as the fir…

Tremor is one of the common movement disorders worldwide. In the recent classification tremor has been classified into two axes (I and II). Based on axis I feature tremor can be classified as isolated and combined tremor syndrome. Common tr…

Movement disorders may be one of the neurological manifestations of demyelinating disorders. They can manifest in Parkinsonism or a wide spectrum of hyperkinetic movement disorders including tremor, paroxysmal dyskinesia, dystonia, chorea, …

Reconstruction following excision for tongue cancer carries important functional consequences. Island nasolabial flap (NLF) is robust and oncologically safe and has a good functional outcome, identical to free flap reconstruction. We retros…

[AIM OF STUDY] Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections are the established treatment in cervical dystonia (CD). But clinical practice regarding the choice of muscles into which injections are made varies between centres. Until now, …

Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is a complex and highly individualised therapy defined by treatment algorithms and injection schemes describing its target muscles and their dosing. Various consensus guidelines have tried to standardise and to …

Primary Writing Tremor (PWT) is a type of task specific tremor which happens only while writing (Type A PWT) or assuming a writing position of the hand (Type B PWT). There is a considerable overlap of clinical features between PWT and write…

[BACKGROUND] Focal hand dystonia (FHD) is usually adult-onset focal dystonia that can be associated with marked occupational and functional disability leading to reduced quality of life. [METHODS] Relevant studies on treatment options for …

Comminuted zygomatic arch fractures are a challenge to manage without complete exposure owing to their instability. The presence of facial nerve branches near the bone often means that these fractures are often treated by closed methods or …

Patients with cervical dystonia (CD) may present with head and/or neck movements in the coronal, sagittal or transverse plane. According to the Col-Cap concept, CD postures are classified in torti-, latero-, ante- and retrocollis/caput patt…

Essential tremor is the most common cause of tremor involving upper limbs, head and voice. The first line of treatment for limb tremor is pharmacotherapy with propranolol or primidone. However, these two drugs reduce the tremor severity by …

[PURPOSE OF THE MEETING] Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a prevalent but underserved disease. At the Global Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Society (GIBS) meeting, the organization and participants were committed …

[BACKGROUND] Tremor is an important phenotypic feature of dystonia. Using the new concept (Col-Cap) of classification we examined the frequency of tremor in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, their main subtypes and muscles injected. [METHOD…

[BACKGROUND] Tourette syndrome (TS) and other chronic tic disorders are clinically heterogenous and cause physical discomfort, social difficulties, and emotional distress. In addition to tics, TS patients have a variety of behavioral comorb…

[CONTEXT] Despite being the most common cause of cranial dystonia, Meige's syndrome remains a rare clinical entity. Characterized by blepharospasm and orofacial dystonia, patients suffering from Meige's syndrome benefit from the injection o…

[BACKGROUND] Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, or Tourette's syndrome, is defined as the presence of both motor and vocal (phonic) tics for more than 12 months, that manifest before the age of 18 years, in the absence of secondary causes. Tre…

Botulinum toxin has gained immense popularity since its introduction for therapeutic use. It is used in a variety of movement disorders like hemi-facial spasm, focal dystonias like blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, oromandibular dystonia, l…

[BACKGROUND] Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder of adults. The condition is usually primary, but may be secondary to facial nerve damage, and responds well to botulinum toxin therapy. [AIM] To study the demographic …

'Meige's syndrome' is a type of cranial dystonia characterized by blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia and can be associated with complex movement of lower facial muscles, mouth, jaw, tongue, pharyngeal and cervical muscles. Frequently,…

Parkinson`s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by tremor, rigidity and akinesia. Diagnosis is clinical in the majority of the patients. Patients with PD may have stooped posture but some of them d…

Tremor has been recognized as an important clinical feature in dystonia. Tremor in dystonia may occur in the body part affected by dystonia known as dystonic tremor or unaffected body regions known as tremor associated with dystonia. The mo…

[STUDY DESIGN] Exploratory case-control study. [INTRODUCTION] Writer's cramp (WC) is a type of focal hand dystonia. The central nervous system plays a role in its pathophysiology, but abnormalities in the affected musculoskeletal component…

Tremors are commonly encountered in clinical practice and are the most common movement disorders seen. It is defined as a rhythmic, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part around one or more joints. In the majority of the population…