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Modified free functional split gracilis flap design for periorbital and perioral smile reanimation in patients with total flaccid facial paralysis: A cadaveric study.
[BACKGROUND] Facial reanimation after total flaccid facial paralysis requires natural smile animation with participation of both periorbital and perioral compartments. [OBJECTIVE] To define detailed anatomy of gracilis muscle flap and inve…
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Topographic Analysis of the Nipple-Areolar Complex Sensation in Superomedial Pedicle Breast Reduction.
[BACKGROUND] Surgeons meticulously perform breast reductions, while ensuring vascular integrity of the pedicle and Nipple-Areolar complex (NAC) to prevent any complication. It is crucial to remember that loss of sensation is also substantia…
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Pronator quadratus musculo-osseous free flap for wide hard palatal defect reconstruction: An anatomical study.
Wide hard palate defects include congenital and acquired defects that are six square centimeters or larger in size. Obturator prostheses and autologous soft tissue transfers have been used to reconstruct palatal defects. This study aims to …
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Preserving the Nipple Projection in Breast Reduction with the Free Nipple-Areolar Graft Technique: Purse-String Suture.
[BACKGROUND] Breast reduction with the free nipple-areolar graft (FNG) technique has disadvantages such as loss of nipple projection, loss of nipple sensation, and depigmentation of the nipple-areolar complex. In this study, patients in who…
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Neurovascular anatomy of pronator quadratus for reanimation of blepharoptosis.
[PURPOSE] Pronator quadratus (PQ) is a quadrilateral muscle on a volar distal side of the forearm. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel surgical technique for reanimation of the upper eyelid for severe ptosis using PQ function…