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Upper Limb Motor Function Affects the Outcome after Treatment with Botulinum Toxin A.
[BACKGROUND] Treatment with Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is effective in decreasing upper limb spasticity. [OBJECTIVE] This study aimed to determine the differences in the outcome based on the upper limb motor function before BoNT-A treatmen…
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Quantitative assessment for flexed-elbow deformity during gait following botulinum toxin A treatment.
[BACKGROUND] The effect of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) injection on flexed-elbow deformity is usually evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), but only with the muscle tone at rest. Some patients show the flexed-elbow deformity duri…
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Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Pes Varus during Gait.
[BACKGROUND] The efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) injection on spasticity is usually measured using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), but this only evaluates muscle tone at rest and has poor reliability. There are no reports that quantita…