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The Structure and Classification of Botulinum Toxins.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of bacterial protein toxins produced by various Clostridium species. They are traditionally classified into seven major serotypes (BoNT/A-G). Recent progress in sequencing microbial genomes has led…
- Re-engineering Botox.
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Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the Weissella oryzae botulinum-like toxin.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known. So far, eight serotypes have been identified that all act as zinc-dependent endopeptidases targeting SNARE proteins and inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters. Recently, t…
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Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-like Toxin in a Commensal Strain of Enterococcus faecium.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from cow feces carries a BoNT-lik…
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Crystal Structure of Botulinum Neurotoxin A2 in Complex with the Human Protein Receptor SV2C Reveals Plasticity in Receptor Binding.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of highly dangerous bacterial toxins, with seven major serotypes (BoNT/A-G). Members of BoNTs, BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1, have been utilized to treat an increasing number of medical conditions. The clini…