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Foix-Alajouanine syndrome caused by MRI occult thoracic ventral perimedullary arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.
[BACKGROUND] Foix-Alajouanine syndrome (FAS) is a subacute, progressive spinal cord disorder that usually shows abnormalities on spinal cord MRI. Here, the authors report a case of FAS that showed no abnormalities on MRI and was treated. […
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Intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula in thoracolumbar lesions: illustrative case.
[BACKGROUND] Compared to dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), the pathogenesis of extradural AVFs is unclear. Furthermore, the outcomes of surgical and endovascular treatments are inferior to those of dural AVFs, and in some cases, there ar…
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Microsurgical versus endovascular treatment of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas with intradural venous drainage: a multicenter study of 81 patients.
[OBJECTIVE] Spinal arteriovenous shunts are rare vascular lesions and are classified into 4 types (types I-IV). Due to rapid advances in neuroimaging, spinal epidural AVFs (edAVFs), which are similar to type I spinal dural AVFs (dAVFs), hav…