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How Does Injecting Filler Into Facial Ligaments Result in Facial Lifting?
[BACKGROUND] Dermal filler injection can restore facial volume and improve contour; however, the precise mechanism underlying its lifting effect remains insufficiently characterized. This study explores how targeted filler placement within …
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Management of Lateral Orbital Hollowing With Hyaluronic Acid Filler.
[BACKGROUND] Lateral orbital hollowing is a subtle yet influential contributor of periorbital ageing. It results from attenuation of subcutaneous fat, atrophy of the lateral orbital fat pad, and descent of the orbicularis oculi muscle, crea…
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Guide Needle-assisted Ultrasound-guided (SIBUS) Filler Injections: Improving Needle Visualization for Safer Aesthetic Procedures.
This study evaluated whether echogenic needles improve ultrasound visibility during hyaluronic acid filler injections in the cheek-a high-risk area due to anatomical variability of facial vessels. In a single-patient in vivo setting, 3 type…
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Functional Anatomic Correlates of Interface Lines Between Adjacent Facial Regions and Their Associated Vascular Networks.
Understanding the anatomic relationship between facial surface lines and underlying vascular networks is critical for safe dermal filler augmentation. This review presents a systematic taxonomy classifying facial surface changes into 5 cate…
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Cannula is safer than needle in filler injection?
The choice between cannulas and needles for dermal filler injection has direct implications for safety, efficacy, and patient experience. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, c…
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Clinical safety of a low-modification hyaluronic acid filler (MoD 2%) for facial rejuvenation.
[BACKGROUND] The degree of modification (MoD) of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers reflects the extent of chemical cross-linking of native HA chains. Lower MoD values correspond to reduced cross-linker content and potentially more physiological …
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Filler Injection Techniques and Ultrasound Observations: Ultrasound-Based Classification of Volume Deficiency in Nasolabial Folds.
[BACKGROUND] Nasolabial folds (NLFs) are a hallmark of facial ageing, and precise correction requires detailed anatomical and vascular mapping. High-resolution ultrasound offers real-time visualisation of soft-tissue layers, filler distribu…
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Neural Distribution-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection for Platysma muscle: A Split-Neck Comparison With Conventional Technique.
[BACKGROUND] The platysma muscle plays a pivotal role in the formation of vertical neck bands and contributes to lower facial descent, making it a prime target for botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in aesthetic neck rejuvenation. Conventional…
- Where Should We Inject Botulinum Toxin for the Bunny Lines?
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Age-Related Changes in the Orbicularis Oris Muscle and Their Implications on Aesthetic Lip Rejuvenation.
[BACKGROUND] Aging leads to noticeable changes in lip volume, definition, and projection largely due to alterations in the orbicularis oris muscle. Although superficial signs of aging are well-documented, deeper muscular changes remain unde…
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The Facial Muscle Chain Concept in Forehead Line Treatment.
Current treatment of horizontal forehead lines typically involves botulinum toxin injections targeting the frontalis muscle, though this approach may occasionally result in complications such as eyebrow ptosis. This letter introduces the fa…
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Full-face aesthetic treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A: Results from a retrospective real world analysis.
[BACKGROUND] Full-face aesthetic treatment with neuromodulators is common in routine practice but not widely analyzed in clinical studies. [METHODS] This was a retrospective, two-center chart review evaluating the effectiveness and safety …
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Ultrasound-guided injection of ankle contouring with botulinum neurotoxin.
[BACKGROUND] A slim ankle is considered a hallmark of beauty in modern aesthetics. Excessive muscular hypertrophy, particularly of the deep calf muscle (soleus), can lead to a thick ankle appearance that detracts from an overall refined leg…
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Compensatory hypertrophy of the superior gluteus maximus following botulinum toxin-induced weakening of the inferior fibers.
Selective chemodenervation of the inferior gluteus maximus (GMax) may induce compensatory hypertrophy of its superior fibers. Two healthy female subjects underwent ultrasound-guided botulinumtoxinA (JETEMA THE TOXIN, JETEMA Co., Ltd., Korea…
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Anatomical layer analysis for safe thread insertion using micro-CT and ultrasonography: enhancing precision in facial thread-lifting procedures.
[BACKGROUND] Thread lifting is considered a relatively noninvasive and effective treatment for facial rejuvenation compared to traditional facelift surgery. However, no consensus exists on anatomically favorable insertion layer for threads …
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Fat Apoptosis Injection Therapy for Infraorbital Herniated Fat Pads.
[BACKGROUND] Infraorbital herniated fat pads ("eyebags") are a frequent aesthetic concern. Surgical blepharoplasty remains the gold standard but is associated with downtime and potential complications. Fat apoptosis (FA) injection therapy i…
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Hyaluronic acid fillers for supraorbital hollowing: A prospective cohort study of efficacy and longevity.
[BACKGROUND] Supraorbital hollowing from age-related volume loss or post-blepharoplasty overresection causes upper sulcus deflation. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are frequently used in the upper eyelid, but prospective clinical follow-up da…
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Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery and Anatomical Education: A New Era of Precision, Personalization, and Accessibility.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into plastic surgery and anatomic education represents a transformative shift in modern medicine. In clinical practice, AI enhances preoperative planning through data-driven 3D simulations, au…
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How Should We Use Hyaluronidase for Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid Fillers?
[BACKGROUND] Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are commonly used in esthetic medicine for facial contouring and rejuvenation. However, complications such as overcorrection, vascular occlusion, and irregular filler distribution necessitate the us…
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Do Different High-Intensity-Focused Ultrasound Frequencies Have Different Effects? A Histological Analysis Correlated With Patients' Subjective Assessments.
[BACKGROUND] High-intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a noninvasive approach for facial rejuvenation, offering benefits such as collagen synthesis and subcutaneous fat reduction. However, the differential effects of varying H…
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Injection Techniques for Filler Procedures With Illustration: Narrative Review.
This narrative review explores the various injection techniques utilized in facial filler procedures, emphasizing their applications, benefits, and potential complications. The increasing demand for total facial contouring and rejuvenation …
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Hybrid Fillers Personal Experience of Premixing Calcium Hydroxylapatite and Hyaluronic Acid for Natural Face Reshaping.
[OBJECTIVE] This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy and safety of premixed calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) hybrid fillers for facial reshaping and rejuvenation, focusing on natural outcomes with long-term fol…
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A Novel Approach for Facial Slimming Using Injectable Ascorbic Acid and Ferrous Gluconate: A Case Report.
Minimising facial adiposity is a growing esthetic concern for individuals seeking a slimmer facial appearance. While various surgical and nonsurgical approaches have been used, innovative methods for noninvasive facial contouring continue t…
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Dimples as Desired Outcomes: Rethinking Their Role in Thread Lifting Procedures.
Facial thread lifts, known for being minimally invasive with quick results, can sometimes lead to dimpling. A case report of a 35-year-old Asian man who developed a pleasing unilateral dimple after a thread lift highlights the potential for…
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Energy-Based Device Management of Nodular Reaction Following Poly-D, L-Lactic Acid Injection for Tear Trough Rejuvenation.
[BACKGROUND] Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) is used for tear trough rejuvenation but can cause complications like nodular reactions. This report describes using a radiofrequency device to manage these nodules. [CASE PRESENTATION] A 42-year-o…
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A Pilot One and Two-Year Prospective, Blinded Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy, and Safety of Combined Treatment With Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler and Barbed Polydioxanone Suspension Threads for Mid-Face Contour Enhancement.
[INTRODUCTION] The combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers and polydioxanone (PDO) thread lifting is gaining popularity for mid-face rejuvenation, especially among the Asian population. Despite the common use of these techniques, there …
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Anatomical-Based Diagnosis and Filler Injection Techniques: Lips and Philtrum.
Lip augmentation has become increasingly popular in aesthetic medicine, driven by advancements in dermal filler technologies and injection techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lip anatomy, age-related changes, and cu…
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Vertex Augmentation With Hyaluronic Acid Filler: A Novel Technique for Height Enhancement and Cephalic Contouring.
Height augmentation and cephalic contouring using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers represent an innovative approach in minimally invasive aesthetic medicine. This study introduces a novel technique for vertex augmentation, leveraging cross-link…
- Temporal Fat Pad Filler Injection for Lifting Purposes: Shifting of the Superficial Layer of Deep Temporal Fascia.
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Challenges with Conventional Dermal Filler Guidelines: Considering Multi-Axes Facial Rotation Asymmetry Patterns.
Facial asymmetry is inherent from birth, and it becomes more pronounced with age due to changes in the facial skeleton at various rates and locations. As new insights into "multi-axes facial rotation" patterns emerge, there is a pressing ne…