Lee HJ

[BACKGROUND] Thread lifting is considered a relatively noninvasive and effective treatment for facial rejuvenation compared to traditional facelift surgery. However, no consensus exists on anatomically favorable insertion layer for threads …

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key drivers of various ocular diseases. Experimental hypoxia, modeled using cobalt chloride (CoCl), induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and e…

[BACKGROUND] This study aimed to compare the effects of facial roller and gua sha massage on anthropometric facial contours, muscle tone, and skin elasticity parameters during an 8-week intervention period. [METHODS] Thirty-four women aged…

[INTRODUCTION] Inadvertent entry of filler products into the supratrochlear, supraorbital, or dorsal nasal arteries, among other branches of the ophthalmic artery, might result in an immediate and devastating loss of vision. We wanted to ex…

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to investigate neural patterns within the gluteus maximus (Gmax) muscle to identify optimal EMG placement and injection sites for botulinum toxin and other injectable agents. [METHODS] This stud…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin treatment typically focuses on the teres major muscle as a primary target for addressing shoulder spasticity. The muscle is located deep within a large muscle group and optimal injection locations have not …

[BACKGROUND] There is a lack of consensus detailing the optimal approach to free-flap breast reconstruction when considering immediate, delayed, or staged techniques. This study compared costs, complications, and healthcare resource utiliza…

[BACKGROUND] Vasopressors are used in up to 85% of cases during free flap surgery. However, their use is still debated with concerns of vasoconstriction-related complications, with rates up to 53% in minor cases. We investigated the effects…

[OBJECTIVES] The objective of this study was to determine the area in the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) where botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) can be injected safely and effectively by evaluating neural distribution in the CPM. [METHODS] Eleven …

This study aimed to identify ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular nerve patterns of the triceps brachii muscles. A modified Sihler's method was applied to the triceps brachii muscle (15 specimens), with l…

[INTRODUCTION] The obturator internus muscle is frequently targeted for injective treatments such as botulinum toxin injections in the management of pain syndromes. However, there are controversies over injective method delivering injection…

[BACKGROUND] Tumor innervation has been shown to be utilized by some solid cancers to support tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis, as well as confer resistance to immune checkpoint blockade through suppression of antitumor…

This study was designed to compare the effects of various doses of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) on nerve regeneration. Sixty-five six-week-old rats with sciatic nerve injury were randomly allocated to three experimental groups, a control…

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection for the treating plunged nose, post-rhinopasty and hyaluronic filler migration is common procedures in clinical settings. However, the lack of thorough anatomical understanding makes it difficult to loc…

The latissimus dorsi free flap (LDFF), that provides long vascular pedicle with rich vascularization and adequate bulk for maxillofacial defect coverage, is utilized in microvascular surgery for maxilla-mandibular reconstruction with high s…

The hypertrophied temporalis and masseter muscles give a muscular shaped and bulky contour to the face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, adverse effects have been reported owing to a l…

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinctive type of T-cell lymphoma that arises around textured-surface breast implants. In a subset of patients, this disease can involve surrounding tissues, spread to r…

[INTRODUCTION] To detect ideal locations for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection by exploring the intramuscular nerve arborization of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. [METHOD] A modified Sihler's method was performed on the psoas major an…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles ar…

[INTRODUCTION] This study proposes an ideal botulinum toxin injection point of the trapezius muscle for shoulder line contouring, pain management, and functional impairment. This study describes the intramuscular nerve branching in the trap…

The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo h…

[OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS] For dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty, autologous costal cartilage can be used in many different forms, including its crushed form. While only few studies have reported the outcome of dorsal augmentation using the cr…

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) for managing sleep bruxism (SB) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty SB subjects were randomly assigned into two groups evenly. The placebo…

This study describes the nerve entry point and intramuscular nerve branching of the rhomboid major and minor, providing essential information for improved performance of botulinum toxin injections and electromyography. A modified Sihler met…

[BACKGROUND] Total breast reconstruction involves a long process consisting of mastectomy, breast reconstruction, and adjuvant therapy. For various reasons, some patients refuse the final step of nipple-areola reconstruction. Some patients …

[BACKGROUND] Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures of the neck are becoming more popular. However, anatomical studies on the venous structures of the neck in relation to these procedures are lacking. [OBJECTIVE] The aims of this study we…

Cosmetic facial filler-related central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a devastating complication of facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection and can be managed by intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy (IATT). The authors report on a 20-year-…

A lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSB) is a therapeutic method for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) affecting the lower limbs. Recently, LSB with botulinum toxin type A and B was introduced as a novel method to achieve longer durati…

[INTRODUCTION] Breast reconstruction is an integral part of breast cancer management with the aim of restoring a breast to its natural form. There is increasing awareness among women that it is a safe procedure and its benefits extend beyon…

[OBJECTIVE] To evaluate soft- and hard-tissue changes in the mandibular angle area after the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection to patients with masseteric hypertrophy by using three-dimensional cone-beam computed t…